Political Science questions and answers in December 2019

Discuss the upward and downward development of state, rulers and rules in the socio-political though of Ibn Khaldun ('17)

Please help explain when using Kingdon's 3 streams the assertion that certain kinds of issues receive preferential treatment in problem solution and political streams .

Please explain the assertion that certain kinds of issues receive preferential treatment in problem solution and political streams, following Kingdon's 3 streams.

Please help me understand the assertion that certain kinds of issues or policies receive preferential treatment in problem solution and political streams.

In what ways do issues related to poverty and debt challenge the actions of a democratic government and the values of liberalism?

How is Poverty a natural result of Liberal democracies? How is poverty a fundamental challenge to or limitation of liberalism?

HI, I can't seem to find if the Brazilian government enforces or follows any of the pillars of conscious capitalism? I see mention of previous political corruption but nothing about if the government ...

By explaining whether the study is pre-experimental (cross-sectional, one-shot case study, and longitudinal), experimental (control group with pretest and posttest, posttest only, or four-group design...

Describe one historical event that significantly affected the nature and capabilities of the executive institutions of the U.S. government Explain how and why this event changed the nature of the Exec...

a recent bill that deals with mental health that has not been passed To Prepare: Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) usin congressional websites provided in the Learni...

Dear Sir/Madam, I I had applied for ICCR scholarships. Fortunately, after passing the exams I am selected as finalist. Now, They want me to submit the a PhD Synopsis and the time is very short. How ca...

How has constitutional rights expansive view helped to curb state rights that might interfere with constitutional rights? Do you think that this makes the courts too powerful? Why or why not? What is...

Post a brief description of the child or adolescent stress or adjustment issue you selected. Then, explain one way culture, gender, or social factors might influence the manifestation of the stress ...

What political ideologies were in conflict during the Cold War? What economic systems were in conflict during the Cold War? Why did the U.S.S.R ultimately dissolve? Is the U.S. in or entering into a n...

Philanthropy: Contrast expressive vs. instrumental outcomes

Which of the following is a political institution? Group of answer choices The U.S. Supreme Court the legislature the executive the judiciary

n the normal framework for the value pricing proposal of your training proposal, it is essential to get the client to commit to a minimum of at least 10 metrics. These must come from the client in yo...

Which of the following played only a minor role in the major wars of the twentieth century?

what is true about what it means to be a good citizen?

How can libertarian have more power in Unted states electoral system?

Compare and Contrast the selected of the Prime Minister and Monarch in the UK with the selection of the US President and how this selection influence their roles

Describe what economic factors distinguish a conservative, liberal, and socialist in the United States

Which term is used to describe the ability to get others to want what you want?

Compare and contrast the US and UK systems of representing their people.

Explain the root cause of war from Hobbes and Rousseau by explaining each philosopher's thesis.

(TCO 9) According to Lenin, why are capitalist countries imperialistic? a. Capitalists want to conquer and subdue all workers. b. They fear popular uprisings at home and want to maintain the status qu...

6-7sentence short answer question 1. What makes contributes to social movements being successful? 2. What are the similarity and different in revolutions and civil war? Give two example that...

Lobbyists are information sources. Their activity is similar to others such as salemen who have specific and valuable information, in this case what voters and donors want and think, and deliver to wh...

How has this expansive view helped to curb state rights that might interfere with constitutional rights? Do you think that this makes the courts too powerful? Why or why not? ? Do you agree with the...

War and International Security (in "the globalization of world politics) - Please state the following: -The "three images" and the causes of war - Traditional ("causal") vs. sociological ("war and soc...

Suppose that you are writing a constitution for a new democracy in a large country with many social and ethnic cleavages and a per capita income of about $5,000 in 1985 ppp dollars. You want to do ...

Usually WHICH YOU CAUGHITIGIIL WILT icons, YOU USE a battery or another energy source to create a current. B is it possible to generate a current without a battery? You can find out with the Electrom...

Compare the health care system of Guyana with the heath care system of Cuba, with reference to the health status of both country, their health care system organisation and the way their health care sy...

Will the world become more peaceful or less peaceful going forward? In your answer, integrate the following topics: the causes of international war, nuclear deterrence, energy security, climate ch...

Compare and contrast Paul Collier's ("economic causes of conflict") and Ted Gurr's ("why men rebel") theories of conflict. Which approach better explains internal conflict in Iraq (2003-present)?

The Bush Doctrine developed what kind of policy? Containment policy Unilateral action Roll-back policy Domino theory

In formulating foreign and national security policy, the President surrounds himself with the National Security Council. This consists of the Vice President, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of...

The politics-administration dichotomy describes a line that exists between politics (the creation of policy and the allocation of resources to carry it out) and administration of policy (how a policy ...

The economic theory arguing that government spending should increase during economic recessions and be curbed during booms is called supply-side economics Keynesian economics laissez-fair economics li...

The work of drafting legislation on a specific issue, rewriting leglislation, having hearings on legislation, and often killing legislation before it is ever voted on is the work of the House or Senat...

How has the U.S. Supreme Court used judicial review to become a kind of super-legislature today?

Compare and contrast the notion of a democracy with an illiberal democracy, as well as with that of an authoritarian regime.

All of the following programs are examples of in-kind government assistance, except: Pell grants for college students. Medicaid, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Temporary Assistan...

What 'rights' (ie personal rights, etc) does fascism seek to protect, and what is their view on morality and the economy? Same for liberalism

Why aristotle says that both the ethics and politics are important? what is prudence according to aristotle?

TCO 3) According to the delegate theory of representation, Group of answer choices officials should act according to the views of the electorate. focus groups are of little use. politicians should let...

TCO 1) Which term is used to describe the ability to get others to want what you want?

(TCO 1) Which of the following most significantly accelerated the "values divide" between liberals and conservatives?

CO 1) What is true about what it means to be a "good citizen"? Group of answer choices It is based largely on an individual's moral fiber. It is defined by adherence to basic human rights. It refers e...

How did aristotle made his transistion to politcs provide me with a brief answer help me to connect the discussion of virtue & the different virtues more to the question of politics.

Modernization and globalization were supposed to undermine the basis for ethnic and religious conflict. How do you explain the contemporary explosion of ethnic and religious conflict?

Why are political violence and conflict common in some third world countries? Describe what elements contribute to political violence and conflict in some third world countries.

Describe how Leninism revises Marxism and what causes this revision.

Explain how minorities can be avoided to be threatened in a democracy by zealous majorities.

Describe human rights debate in international politics.

Why have some post-communist states become democracies, while the vast majority have not?

Penn State Comparative Politics Final Essays 1) What is the difference between the British Parliament and the United States federal system? 2) How does the Presidential Parliamentary system of France...

Can you explain Max Weber's "Origins of Industrial Capitalism in Europe?"

What is title IX and how does it affect me as a student?

Part 1: Explain the issues surrounding our current Social Security system and proposed solutions by elected officials.

Part 2: To what extent does government have an obligation to assist the poorer among society?

Part 1: Is it legitimate that the United States Supreme Court possesses the power of judicial review? Explain the concept of Judicial Review; and provide an example.

Our judicial system is modeled after the consent of Stare Decisivet the decision stand". When a court decision isn't unanimous, the court issues a majority opinion and those in dissent issue a m...

system? Part 2: What does it mean for someone to show "standing to sue"? Why is it important to our judicial

Explain how the Electoral College works. Comment on the situations in which it has produced controversial results, and the criticisms of the Electoral College.

The Twenty-Second Amendment limits presidents to two terms. Should term limits also be applied to members of Congress? Why or why not?

(TCO 1) In the changing world of television media, what has suffered most? Freedom to criticize the government The entertainment value of news shows The range of dramatic television shows The quality ...

Following current events related to immigration reform, a group of students came to school wearing t-shirts representing national flags from a variety of countries and were bullied by fellow students ...

How did Aristotle made his transition from ethics to politics? Please make sure include some sections of Nicomachean Ethics on justice, Friendship and Education.

what are the legal issues regarding the grading of a student's essay with a pictorial of jesus and whether you could display the student's work? How does the First Amendment apply to this situation?

Do all student-led religious groups have an absolute right to meet at K-12 schools? If not, explain what act it's protected by?

should federal government's role in education be expanded? I believe it should be expanded but I am having trouble connecting it to Federalist 10, any ideas?

Why is the Myth of the Metals invented by Socrates and his companions in The Republic called a "Noble Lie"?

In what way are the Democratic and Republican parties different? In what way are they similar? Do the major parties promote consensus or competition in the American political system?

What were some of the problems they faced when creating a new Constitution? How did they solve those problems?

Try and interpret this statement: "We live in a TMZ society".

Is direct democracy in California problematic? Do we have too much influence on passing public policy in our state?

Explain why elites were dissatisfied with the Articles of Confederation. What were some of the problems they faced when creating a new Constitution? How did they solve those problems?

Compare and contrast judicial activism and judicial self-restraint. What are the strength and weakness of each theory?

What are the formal powers of the president in foreign and domestic affairs?

I need help with answering the question I don't understand what is being said "The idea of a social contract has been used in various ways by political theorists to understand the purpose of governmen...

in the class we started the course with Aeschylus's Oresteia , a set of plays that explained to the people of Athens why their political institutions were important and how they should act to preser...

I need help finding answers to these questions. Namely the parts of the question that do not require studying the readings. Can you point me in the right direction? I am not American so I feel very ou...

The book i'm reading is titled Carbon Democracy by Timothy Mitchell. In this, Mitchell argues that the governance of capitalist nations via the economy and later the market limit the ability of citize...

2. Please draw a chart and locate the republicans, democrats, socialists, communists, kkk, fascists, reactionaries, revolutionaries, and moderates.

JOSIP 5. In its 2015 election manifesto, the Liberal Party of Canada promised that if elected "We will bring real change to the Senate. The status quo is not an option." What objections did...

what are some of the primary goals of American Trade policy and what are some of the organization and agreement that help american achieve this goal?

Is there inequality in the distribution of power, resources, and social benefits between men and women - even in liberal-democratic states like Canada? Why? Focusing specifically on Political Pa...

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the current first-past-the-post system? What are the advantages and disadvantages of alternative electoral mechanisms (like Ranked Ballot, Proportional ...

th question is What objections did critics have about the Canadian Senate prior to 2015? Do the reforms being implemented by the current Trudeau government successfully address those objections? ?...

In June 2019, the Quebec Provincial Government passed Bill 21 (An Act Respecting the Laicity of the State). In anticipation of a Charter challenge to this legislation, the Bill invoked Section 33...

According to Al-Farabi a ruler is: One who can effectively deceive the people One who has the power to guide & teach others One who can dominate another person One who is capable of ascen...

Whats is root cause of war from Hobbes and Rousseau by explaining each philosopher's thesis?

How do I write enough material for a journal about socialist theory? What are the key things I can mention to really get the ball rolling and make sure I have enough to talk about? (Can be Utopian Soc...

How do I get a sample essay on POLI 330N Week 7 Assignment: Essay - Creating Your Ideal State I am working on my school project on political scienec with the a working title "creating your ideal state...

Both Ackerman and Arendt argue for the special status of the Constitution in American political thought and practice. Are their arguments compatible? Which of their respective examples helps elucidate...

How does Hannah Arendt "respond" to Carl Schmitt's concept of the political and his political vision of a constitutional state in her account of the American republic?

How does World health Organization (WHO) recommendation affect nurses work?

At which point does the values and goals of EU conflict with a member country's idea of their own sovereignty?

Explain the theme of "virtue" and "living the good life" in Plato's Gorgias. (Using direct quotes from the book. And, explanation.The themes has to be explain in detail.)

i need help for this question brief answer(Types of political violence) what type of civil war occurs when the rebels take over the state and form new political institutions? The strategy in which typ...

How do the fundamental precepts of each reform approach (downsizing, re-engineering, or continuous improvement) conflict with each other? Is it possible to mix approaches? Why do you think these appro...

At the national level, the Senate must approve judicial appointments of the President. This process has become much more politicized in recent years. Before confirmation, senators look at the histor...

Historian George Forgie said, "President Polk represents the shift from the politics of economics, which was central to the Jacksonian period, to the politics of expansion." What does this mean?

You are the newly appointed warden of the Cedarville County Jail. Because there are many problems existing in the jail administration in Cedarville, you have been brought in as a "change agent." You...

The numbers of visibly unhoused individuals has grown in San Francisco, despite large investments of public and private dollars. a qualitative study of nonprofits that provide services to people witho...

Do you believe recall elections are good or bad for democracies and why?

Which is true about Texans' view of the death penalty?

Increasing sample size doesn't improve the sample estimate of the population parameter, but it gives us more confidence that it is correct. True or False?

i need HELP WITH THIS... COMPARATIVE POLITICS Search es Mailings Review View Help Aa ~ AaBbCcDd AaBbCcDd AaBbCc AaBbCct Aa B AaBbCCD A 1 Normal No Spac... Heading 1 Heading 2 Title Subtitle Paragraph ...

i want help for those question Normal 1 No Spac... Heading 1 Heading 2 Title Subt Paragraph Styles Essential of Comperative Politics Describe 4 different ways of measuring the economy, and what they m...

what is the difference between state and non state political violence?

What are sovereignty and legitimacy and what role do they play in international relations?

What is the difference between plurality and proportional representation?

what are Aristotle's findings regarding six type of government?

what is the relationship between a government and its economy?

what is the difference between political parties and interest groups?

what is the role of the judiciary in the United States Political System?

Question 1 (1 point) politics refers to: Question 1 options: All that relates to the way a society is governed The way politicians advertise during elections How people feel about certain issues...

What is multiculturalism and does it work? Describe and discuss. What does multiculturalism mean as a demographic fact and in terms of policy and philosophy? What is the debate on multiculturalism abo...

Describe and discus the role of religion in state-immigrant relations and immigrant integration/assimilation in Europe and the United States ? Is immigrant religion a bridge or a barrier to immigrant ...

What is assimilation as a concept, theory, and process? Describe and discuss. What are the different components of assimilation? How does the current sociological definition of assimilation different ...

I am tasked to respond to the following: What are the main problems facing the global environment? How do these problems specifically affect poorer households in the more heavily populated global sout...

My task is to respond to the following: How have the processes of colonization, post-colonial development, and economic globalization helped complicate gender-related and environmental challenges for ...

Do all student-led religious groups have an absolute right to meet at K-12 schools? If not, discuss one limitation under the Equal Access Act. May a teacher be a sponsor of the club? Can the teacher p...

May students express religious beliefs in class discussion or assignments or engage in prayer in the classroom? What are some limitations? Support your position with examples from case law, the U.S. ...

need answers California Gov't & Politics (Gerston text and Power point notes; Ch. 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 ) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 5) 7) 8) 9) Identify and explain the type of direct primary used in Californi...

7) Explain how the following terms can affect whether or not a court hears a case: 0 Class action law suits, Standing to sue, criminal v civil case 8) What are the different types of courts in the fe...

1) Explain how federal judges are chosen, how Senatorial courtesy can influence a judicial appointment, and identify how long a federal judge serves on the bench. 2) Define the dual court system and ...

12) Define legislative oversight and explain how subpoenas are used in this function. 13) Identify who controls the policy agenda in the US Senate and explain how individual Senators may attempt to s...

Describe 3 ways that the government can shape the economy, and give an example of each.

Wilkinson suggests that _________ determines if politicians defend ethnic minorities and protect against violence ? ___________ argues that ethnic violence occurs when elites promote it for their own...

In contrast to Rousseau, both Mill and Burke defend representative government. Based on the assigned readings, what do you see as the main similarities and differences between their accounts? Who or w...

Under what circumstances, if any, is colonial rule justifiable? Compare Kant and Mill, with particular attention to the relationship between right and utility in their arguments for or against colonia...

According to French political scientist Alexis De Tocqueville, what principle do the Americans value over all other principles?

Prompt : In this course, you have been reading ways in which individuals performed a statesmanship role informed a biblical orientation, either directly or indirectly. We have emphasized that states...

Plato, Aristotle, and Machiavelli all make use of metaphors that employ sight or seeing in their theories. Plato, for example, distrusts the "visible realm" and distinguishes the opinions derived thro...

James Madison, one of the founders of the American republic who was himself a student of ancient and modern political thought, wrote that government is "the greatest of all reflections on human nature...

Compare and contrast what Plato (in The Republic) and Machiavelli (in The Prince) have to say on the subject of truth, lies, and the end (or purpose) of political life

Both Aristotle (in the Ethics and the Politics) and Machiavelli (in The Prince and the Discourses) take virtue to be centrally important to political action. Both thinkers argue that a political actor...

To differing degrees, Plato, Aristotle, and Machiavelli all consider political science to be a sort of "craft knowledge" that rulers and statesmen must master if they are to govern successfully. Choos...

I don't understand de hierarchal differences in the structure can you please explain their how much power and what job do they tend to do? Exhibit 2 BP Chain of Command for design and operations on Ja...

1.What are their different sources of power? 2.What recourses are scarce? 3.What is the conflict about? 4.Could the conflict have been managed differently in order to enable another scenario and other...

Number 10 it's a longitudinal index Longitudinal Index (25 points total) 10. Calculate and fill in the values for our FEI index for 2008-2012. This is a longitudinal index, with the base- year (2007) ...

Examine the ideal role of American judges Judges should intervene frequently, interpreting the law according to their expertise and ensuring a fair trial? Judges should act as umpires, passively watch...

Explain which type of candidate parliamentary systems seek out to become ministers. a- Those who have experience winning elections and serving on a parliamentary committee? b-Newcomers who can bring i...

1. In which state is the www.virginiacyberrange.org website registered?

1. Describe and explain "marketing mix" in the context (service, cost, volunteer, PR) of nonprofit organizations. 2. Explain "relationship marketing" in the nonprofit organizatio...

People don't usually think of subsidies for homeowners as a social welfare policy because a.few people actually benefit from the subsidies. b.the subsidies generally help only the elderly. c.subsidies...

Explain what distinguished the Supreme Court's holding in Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council (1992) from its holding in Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York (1978). In answering th...

In Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission (1977), Maine v. Taylor (1986), and Granholm v. Heald (2005), the Supreme Court addressed challenges to laws that discriminated against inter...

in what ways is the united states polarized politically?

Can you please give me an example of someone who is using Strategic Management Process ?

How you will implement the Christian WLorldview values of compassion, promoting human flourshing, and behaving legally and ethically in your furture classroom?

Discussion: Analyses of Social Problems in Case Studies case of jake levy and friend committing suicide What is being omitted in this definition? As a social worker, often you need to use your policy ...

Topic:What is changed or different about you as individual after a consideration of queer history, literature, and politics? Link this change to a specific experience that you encourage in the text "Q...

What is the most appropriate measure of central tendency to use when calculating the average response to whether Governor Ducey did an excellent, good, fair or poor job responding to the recent teach...

how does United Nations dealt with issues of state sovereignty for member countries

1. A notable example of a president's extension of his lawful powers during armed conflict includes a. Truman ordering troops into Vietnam in June 1950. b. George W. Bush's use of strategic informatio...

If a proposition is adopted by the voters, how can it later be changed or amended? a. By the courts using judicial review b. By a vote of the people in another proposition c. Any of these d. By the go...

Which of the following can be raised as a defense to a claim of defamation? Group of answer choices a. That the statement was true. b. That there was a constitutional privilege to comment about the ...

The filibuster a) was rarely used throughout most of American history but has become a frequently used tactic in the US senate during the last 20 years b)has always been a frequently used tactic in th...

What is the nature of political polarization in the U.S.? What causes political polarization? Why does political polarization trouble many political scientists and other people concerned about the hea...

"If each age has its particular point of entry to the central political problems of authority, power and obligation, then the present age has as its point of access in the relation among violence, pol...

(Q002) One of the hallmarks of American democracy is based on the Madisonian theory that good government encourages multitudes of interest, known as __________,where all interests are free to compete ...

True or False: Modern and postmodern warfare are linked by the use of humans and advanced technology. In the global economy, countries can be divided into 4 categories. Urbanization is the movement of...

Picking one international organization (UN, EU, ICC, etc.). and explaining its mission and function. Assess how issues of state sovereignty are dealt with for member countries.

Realism is better suited to understanding "high politics" issues of international security and inter-state diplomacy, whereas constructivism and feminism are better at making sense of "low politics" i...

Why were the founders concerned opposed to political parties? In what ways have their fears been realized? Why did parties develop despite the founders' concerns? What purpose do they serve?

To what extent is political compromise bad and good? Why?

I do not know the answer to number 2 or what the "weasel" formula is to calculate Margin of Error. Homepage - Interr Homework 23 homework 23 ( X / saariNotes.pdf G what is the margin Q Introduction to...

The drawing of legislative district boundaries in order to give one side an advantage is known as A.incumbency advantage. B.reapportionment. C.gerrymandering. D.the coattail effect. E.redistricting.

In most states, congressional district lines are drawn A.by a non-partisan state panel of commissioners. B.by a non-partisan panel elected in special elections. C.at a forum chaired by the state's U.S...

All of the following groups of powers belong exclusively to Congress, EXCEPT A.regulating bankruptcy and currency. B.establishing post offices and standards of weights and measures. C.borrowing funds ...

What are three major criticisms of political science as a discipline? Do you agree with these criticisms and/or solutions, and why or why not? Be specific in terms of (a) who has launched the critici...

Instructions Your country just overthrew its dictator, and you are the newly elected President. Unfortunately, due to the divisions in the country and the years of war, economic, military, and politic...

Which of statements about state and federal court procedures is most accurate? a)federal courts are required to provide a grand jury, a 12 member trial jury, and a unanimous jury verdict, while state ...

Which of following has been an important contractual topics between state's? a)coining money b)distribution of river water c)state passport requirements d)highway regulation

What is the difference between the classic model of legislating and the modern process, including describing the role of the filibuster in the Senate. And what factors contributed to the transforma...

Dr. Jeffrey Wigand became one of the best-known whistleblowers after his experience was turned into a movie, The Insider . He proved tobacco companies were deliberately boosting the nicotine content...

I need help setting up this game for a project Players: Lawyer 1, Lawyer 2, Lawyer 3 (L1, L2, L3) Actions: L1 and L2 can either represent (R) the criminal and receive a reputation cost (c) if they don...

imagining making up a government,. what would be the following 1) the governing style of the government and the principles that govern the leaders; 2) the functions of various branches of government;...

5. In Table 13.14 we again show the results from the Oslo district in the 2005 Norwegian elections. Answer the following questions. In all of these questions, you should ignore the "others" category. ...

Hello there, I really need help with this assignment: First: What is a "PAC"? What role do PACs play in campaigns and elections? Compare PACs to "Super PACs." How do they differ? Why is this differen...

pleaseeeeeeee Time Left:0:39:40 Sneha Rajesh: Attempt 1 '3 Hues-nun I U- pumu J - I The maior objective of the United Nations is to _________ . -" 3 E] -- 0 promote the work of multinational co...

pleaseeeeee II1» Global Issues Core Assessment m TlrMLath3857 Sneha Rajesh: Attempt 1 I8 Human "Bills C3" DE UIViUEU IHLU "VB ("030 categories. 1: IIIGIVIUUHIS "EVE personal '- I...

following passage and answer follow 2401 - Global Issues - Core Assessment m Time Lnft:0:39:08 Sneha Rajesh: Attempt 1 C] The uneven commitment by states to uphold international agreements. 5 i. " S...

can i get an outline for this essay Why is it difficult to createcivil rights change in the U.S., even though many Americansbelieve that striving for political and socioeconomic equality for all group...

Choose a contemporary issue that, to you, raises questions of justice/injustice. BRIEFLY describe the issue and analyze it in light of any two (2) of the authors in the final section of our course (...

When Republican Party activists tried to turn out their base to vote for Mitt Romney during the 2012 presidential campaign, those activists were engaging in A. Conflict extension B. Political entrepre...

Party activists often exert exceptional influence on the stances their parties take because they A. Are characterized by their personal charisma and negative partisanship B. Already hold elected offic...

explain the mission and function of the UN , and any issues with state sovereignty is managed with its members.

1.As important as each party's base is, A.candidates should ignore it to move as close to the middle as possible B.neither donates enough money for each party to be able to ignore special interests. C...

What is good government style for a new country? What are 2 best domestic programs to meet the public good of a new country? How can a new country combat terrorism?

explain how you would build your best ideal state/country with rules and government branches/social system

1. Throughout the course we have contrasted 'constituent' vs. 'constituted' power. or heteronomous vs. autonomous power These terms capture much of what we have been discussing with respect to wh...

for this quote what can be the source and explain what it means "Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to th...