COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011
Prof. Beyenbach
MECHANISMS OF CELL VOLUME REGULATION
1. A cell volume constant with time. a) Diffusion distance. Single cells do not grow into giant cells because of the limits of diffusion. Once solute and w
BIOAP 458, Spring Semester 2011 Name: Raw Score: _/59 Percentile Score: PROBLEM SET 1 (7.5% of final grade)
Prof. Beyenbach
1. (12 pts.) A barrier separates two glucose concentrations. Glucose can diffuse across the barrier. The diffusion coefficient of g
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Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 , 2011
Prof. Beyenbach
THE EVOLUTION OF MULTICELLULAR SYSTEMS (from single cell to invertebrate) 1) Fundamental mathematical equations in physiology a) Automotive and heteromotive transport. Automotive transport d
BIOAP 458, 2011 Name: Raw Score:_/81 PROBLEM SET 7
Prof. Beyenbach
Epithelial Transport (and Fluid Compartments)
Percentile Score: (7.5% of final grade)
1) (12 pts.) A 50 kg individual with a plasma Na+ of 145 mM is infused with 5 g/kg of mannitol (mannit
BIOAP 458, 2011 Name: Raw Score: /74
Prof. Beyenbach
Percentile Score: PROBLEM SET 3 (7.5% of final grade) 1) (10 pts.) Show the equilibrium situation in the right panel given the starting conditions in the left panel. a) (5 pts.) The membrane is permeabl
Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 Spring 2011 COPYRIGHT MEASUREMENT OF RENAL BLOOD FLOW
Prof. Beyenbach
A. The Fick principle, whereby volume flow rate is calculated from other flow rates and solute concentrations. 1) An everyday example: Suppose you were s
Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 Spring 2011 COPYRIGHT
Prof. Beyenbach
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION AND RENAL CLEARANCES A. Balance of forces involved in glomerular filtration (Table 1). 1) Force supporting filtration: glomerular capillary pressure. The hydrostat
COPYRIGHT Prof. Beyenbach Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 Spring 2011 RENAL TURNOVER OF THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID COMPARTMENT A. Functional rsum: the kidney, the organ of extracellular fluid homeostasis. Maintaining the volume and composition of the extrace
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011
Prof. Beyenbach
Intestinal Absorption: Lipids Lipid Transport in the Plasma by Lipoproteins
1) Lipids are present in the diet as solid fats and liquid oils. Lipids include fatty acids, triglycerides, phosphol
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011 INTESTINAL ABSORPTION : Salt, water, Carbohydrates and proteins. 1. Introduction.
Prof. Beyenbach
The small intestine is the primary site for absorbing electrolytes, nutrients and water. The colon is also an
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011
Prof. Beyenbach
SECRETIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Pancreatic, Biliary, and Intestinal Secretion
1. Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretions. The pancreas has endocrine and exocrine functions. Endocrine f
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 Spring 2011 TUBULAR TRANSPORT A. Summary of the functions of the renal proximal tubule (Fig. 1).
Prof. Beyenbach
1. Reabsorption of ions and water a) Between 60 and 90% of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed acr
Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 Spring 2011 COPYRIGHT URINARY CONCENTRATION AND DILUTION A. Definitions
Prof. Beyenbach
1) Urinary concentration: the formation of urine hyperosmotic to plasma. Plasma osmolality is approximately 300 mOsm/kgH2O; the osmolal
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 Spring 2011
Prof. Beyenbach
ENDOCRINE REGULATION OF RENAL FUNCTIONS A. General Considerations: In the maintenance of extracellular fluid homeostasis, the kidney is "only" the executor organ, which means that the k
Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 Spring 2011 COPYRIGHT THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DIURETICS
Prof. Beyenbach
A. The needs for diuretic therapy. Increasing the flow of urine, i.e. decreasing the extracellular fluid volume (ECF) and the effective circulatory
BIOAP 458, 2011 Name: Raw Score: /67 PROBLEM SET 2 (7.5% of final grade)
Prof. Beyenbach
Percentile Score:
1. (18 pts.) Your patient weighs 141 pounds. Estimate the patients a) total body water _liters,
b) intracellular water _liters,
c) extracellular wat
BIOAP 458, 2011 Name: Raw Score:_/85 Percentile Score: 1) PROBLEM SET 4
Prof. Beyenbach
Osmosis, Goldman- & Gibbs-Donnan equations
(7.5% of final grade)
(10 pts) a) (4 pts) Determine the osmotic pressure difference for the initial condition in mOsm and in
BIOAP 458, 2011 Name: Raw Score:_/92 PROBLEM SET 5
Prof. Beyenbach
Membrane voltage, Channels, Pumps and Carriers
Percentile Score: 1) (7.5% of final grade)
(16 pts) For the cell shown below consider the membrane permeability to protein (prot), organic mo
BIOAP 458, 2011
Prof. Beyenbach VRT 8004
Name: Raw Score: /77 PROBLEM SET 6
Pumps, Cell Volume Regulation, Epithelial Tranport
1) (6 pts.) Match to the best possible choice for a P-type ion pump: _ E1 _ E1-E2 transition _ E2-E1 transition _ trapping Na+ _
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011 SECRETIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I Salivary and Gastric Secretion
Prof. Beyenbach
1. Introduction: There are 5 major secretory epithelia along the digestive tract: the salivary glands, the stomach, the panc
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011
Prof. Beyenbach
MOTILITY OF THE GI-TRACT
1. Neural control of gastro-intestinal motility. Smooth muscle in the GI-tract is under both voluntary and involuntary control. In particular, the longitudinal movemen
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011 MEMBRANE TRANSPORT: CHANNELS
Prof. Beyenbach
1) Diffusion. Diffusion is the most fundamental transport mechanism in non-living as well as living things. The proximal cause of diffusion is the concentration di
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011 OSMOSIS
Prof. Beyenbach
1) Osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by or associated with osmosis. It is the pressure that develops when two solutions of different solvent concentration* (a
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011
Prof. Beyenbach
GIBBS-DONNAN EQUILIBRIUM AND ONCOTIC PRESSURE 1) Oncotic pressure. Oncotic pressure is the osmotic pressure that develops when a nondiffusible molecule with charge gives rise to 1) a membrane
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011 VOLTAGES ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES: The Goldman Equation
Prof. Beyenbach
1) Diffusion potentials as a voltage source across cell membranes. There are two major mechanisms for generating a voltage across a cell me
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011
Prof. Beyenbach
THE NERNST EQUATION FROM VOLTAGE TO CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE 1) Concentration differences and voltages. Under Nernst conditions, a concentration difference can give rise to a voltage differenc
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011 DIFFUSION
Prof. Beyenbach
1) Fundamental equations in physiology. There are two basic concepts that describe physiological processes suitable for quantitative treatment. One concept relates one force to anoth
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011
Prof. Beyenbach
THE NERNST EQUATION CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCES TO VOLTAGES 1) How a concentration difference can generate a voltage. Under certain conditions, a concentration difference can give rise to a volt
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 Spring 2011
Prof. Beyenbach
MAMMALIAN FLUID COMPARTMENTS: SIZE AND COMPOSITION 1) The size of mammalian fluid compartments as % body weight. Total body water ranges from 45% to 75% of body weight in respectively o
COPYRIGHT Mammalian Physiology BIOAP 4580 2011
Prof. Beyenbach
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT: PUMPS AND CARRIERS 1) Carrier-mediated transport: pumps, primary active transport. Like channels, pumps are membrane proteins. However, unlike channels, membrane pumps are
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