Peak Muscle Activity During Gait
Gastroc soleus group late stance (Heel off-toe off) Hamstring group late swing (deceleration) Quadriceps group 2 periods of peak activity; in periods of single support during early stance (heel strike) and just before toe
Blood Pressure
Infants are lowest, then children, then adults Measured in mm Hg
Blood Pressure Infants
Normal range 60 90 / 30 55 mm Hg
Hypertension if greater than 90/60 mm Hg
Blood Pressure Children
Normal range 90 110 / 50 70 mm Hg
Hypertension if gr
Education
2 year degree Associate of Applied Science Courses
o o o
Liberal Arts and Sciences Natural Sciences A & P; Kinesiology Didactics (classroom learning) anything related to physical therapy Laboratory skills learn treatments
o
o
Clinical internsh
Therapeutic Exercise
To increase strength To increase balance To increase coordination and agility To increase cardiopulmonary and muscular endurance To increase flexibility
To normalize patterns of movement
ADL/Function Training
Examples:
Dressing Wa
Understanding Diagnoses and the Disability Model The Guide to Physical Therapy Practice
This reference was developed by the APTA Patient diagnoses are divided into categories Musculoskeletal muscular dystrophy Neurological multiple sclerosis, Parkinson'
History of Physical Therapy
Early civilization Pre WWI Reconstruction Aide Era Mary MacMillan Post WWII
Physical Therapy Department Staffing and Job Descriptions
Physiatrist MD who specializes in physical medicine and physical rehabilitation Chief PT/D
Understanding the Medical Chart
picture
Admitting Note
Identifying Data Chief Complaint Past Medical History Family History Social History Patient Habits Psychological History Systems Review
Identifying Data
Name Address SSN (social security number) o
Terminology
Incidence the number of new cases of a condition in a specific period of time, usually one year Ex: swine flu (H1N1 virus) Prevalence- the total # of cases of a condition divided by the total population (how common is the condition) Ex: Breast
Blood Clotting Tests
Prothrombin Time time it takes blood thrombin to clot
Normal 11-13 sec Panic value >30sec blood takes a long time to clot
Partial Thrombin Time (PTT) not commonly done Normal 30-45 sec
*International Normalized Ratio (INR) Normal
Injury, Inflammation and Healing
See picture
Cellular Aging
Cells need to be healthy to heal Aging can affect a cell's ability to heal Aging population
Slower wound healing Decreased resistance to infection
Cell Injury
The body's reaction to cell in
GAIT
See picture Suggest hip flexors are tight add stretching NEVER Confuse tight and weak when working with a patient
Gait Analysis and the PTA
The PTA will not evaluate a patient's gait or write a plan for gait training The PTA is expected to know t
Cadence
The number of steps per unit of time Usually expressed as the number of steps per minute Average cadence is 110-120 steps per minute Actual cadence may vary and is often decreased in patients
Displacement of the Center of Gravity
Vertical Disp
Antalgic Gait (Painful gait)
Avoidance of weight bearing on the affected side Decrease stance phase time because it hurts to stand on it Increase swing phase time Use assistive device to lean on to take the pressure off of the painful leg
Ataxic Gait
Disturbances of Blood Flow and Body Fluids
See picture
Blood Coagulation
Normal clotting There are numerous steps in the clotting process Sequential activation of enzymes generates thrombin Thrombin converts the plasma protein fibrinogen to fibrin Fibrin
Medical Effects of Chronic Alcoholism
AHS 151 Prof. Bialstock
Alcoholic
A person who is dependent on alcohol
Alcoholism
Chronic alcohol abuse, resulting in impairment in health and/or social or occupational functioning. Alcoholism results in increased
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is disease of the blood vessels going to the periphery of the body or the extremities
Older than 60 years old is affected 8 million Americans are affected
Most common cause of peripheral vasc
Immune System
See picture Made up of the Thymus Bone marrow Spleen Lymph nodes
Purpose of Immune System
To keep infectious organisms out of the body To destroy any infectious organisms or foreign bodies
Parts of the Immune System
Picture Tonsils Ade
Infectious Diseases
picture Prof. Ricki Bialstock AHS 151
Pathogen
Any virus, microorganism or other substance causing disease
Virulence
The relative ability of a pathogen to cause disease. How strong the pathogen is
Infection
Invasion of the body with
Oncology
Prof. Ricki Bialstock AHS 151
CANCER
A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells Also known as malignancy or neoplasm
Cells
picture
Differentiation
The process by which normal cells undergo physic
Disturbances of Blood Flow and Body Fluids
See picture
Blood Coagulation
Normal clotting There are numerous steps in the clotting process Sequential activation of enzymes generates thrombin Thrombin converts the plasma protein fibrinogen to fibrin Fibrin
Components of a Lever System
Fulcrum Force Resistance
Fulcrum
the pivot on which a lever moves
Force
a force is any external agent that causes a change in the motion A push or pull
Resistance
cc
Torque
Torque, also called moment or moment of force The
Wheelchair Meaurements for Proper Fit Seat height/Leg length
Average adult size
19.5 20.5 inches
Measure from the user's heel to the popliteal fold, and add 2 inches to allow clearance of the foot rest
Wheelchair Meaurements for Proper Fit
Seat Depth
Gait Training and Ambulation
P
Mat Exercise
B
Develop Standing Tolerance and Balance B
Improve Overall Endurance
B
Support Activity Program
O
Activities Of Daily Living Education O
Feeding Training
O
Dressing Training
O
Grooming And Hygiene Training
O
Tra
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