Utility-Related Applications of
Power Electronics
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DISTRIBUTEDGENERATION(DG)APPLICATIONS
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WindElectricSystems
Wound rotor
Induction Generator
AC
Wind
Turbine
DC
DC
Generator-side
Converter
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Three-Phase Thyristor Converters
Applications
Three-Phase Thyristor Converter Operation
Applications in HVDC Systems
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THREEPHASE,FULLBRIDGETHYRISTORCONVERTERS
id
van
n
vbn
vcn
ia
1
van
5
3
ia
1
Ls
5
n
vd
2
6
(a)
4
6
4
Copyri
Synthesis of Three-Phase AC
Applications:
Electric Drives
UPS
PV Systems
Power Systems
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1
conv1
conv2
utility
Load
controller
ac motor
ia
+
a
Vd
-
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n
b
c
2
SynthesisofLowFrequencyAC:
vaN
Vd
0
vaN
vaN
0
0
vaN
t
Ts
Thyristor Converters
Single-Phase Thyristor Inverter Operation
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1
SinglePhase,PhaseControlledThyristorConverters
id
is
vs
Ls
1
1
3
is
vd
2
(a)
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vs
vd
Id
ea
4
3
4
2
(b)
2
Review: DiodeRectifiers
is
1
vs
idr
vs
3
Synthesis of DC and Sinusoidal AC Voltages
Applications in
Electric Drives
UPS
Power Systems
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1
conv1
conv2
utility
Load
controller
ac motor
dc motor
+
Vd
io
vo
b
ea
Vd
-
-
(a)
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a
a
ia
+
n
b
c
(b)
2
SWITCHINGPO
Synthesis of Single-Phase AC
Applications:
UPS
PV Systems
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1
conv1
conv2
utility
Load
controller
dc motor
+
Vd
io
a
vo
b
ea
-
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2
AverageRepresentationoftheSwitchingPowerPole
vaN d aVd
ida d a ia
ida
ida
a
Vd
ia
PFC Controller Design
iL
is
L
d
vs
vs
Cd
iL
Vd (measured)
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Voltage
Controller
R
iL
Voltage Control Loop
Vd*
Vd
*
IL
sin t
sin t
*
iL
*
I L sin(t )
(measured)
Current Control Loop
Current
Controller
vc
q( t )
vr
1
DESIGNING INNER A
Isolated Switch-Mode DC Power Supplies
Flyback Converters
Forward Converters
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SWITCHMODEDCPOWERSUPPLIES
input
rectifier
60Hz
ac
dc to HF ac
Vin
topology to convert
dc to dc with isolation
Output
Vo
HF transformer
Feedback
controll
Converter Ratings in Various
Applications
Voltage and Current Ratings in Converters in:
Electric Drives
UPS
Power Systems
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AdjustableSpeedDrive:
Electric Drive
Electric Source
(utility)
fixed
form
Power
Processing
Unit
adjustabl
Soft-Switching in DC-DC Converters
CopyrightNedMohan,UniversityofMinnesota2010
1
HARDSWITCHINGINSWITCHINGPOWERPOLES
Vin
RGG
Vin
Vin
vDS
iD
vDS
Io
iD
0
vDS
iD
t fv
tri
tc , on
Io
0
t
tc , off
Vin I o
psw
t fi
trv
Vin I o
psw
tc , on
tc , off
t
(b)
(a)
Psw
Feedback Control Design in
Regulated DC Power Supplies
Peak-Current-Mode Control
Control in Discontinuous-Conduction Mode (DCM)
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PEAK-CURRENT MODE CONTROL
Peak-Current-Mode Control, and
Average-Current-Mode Control.
ivp
Vin
iL
vvp
Isolated Switch-Mode DC Power Supplies
Full-Bridge
Half-Bridge
Push-Pull
CopyrightNedMohan,UniversityofMinnesota2010
1
SWITCHMODEDCPOWERSUPPLIES
input
rectifier
60Hz
ac
dc to HF ac
Vin
topology to convert
dc to dc with isolation
Output
Vo
HF transforme
Magnetic Concepts
Applications
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AMPERETURNSANDFLUX
m g
i
g
W
d
H m m H g g Ni
g
m
(
) Ni
Am m Ag o
m
Ni
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g
m g
2
INDUCTANCE
m N m Lm i
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EnergyStorageduetoMagneticFields
1
W Lm i 2 [ J
Design of High-Frequency Inductors and
Transformers
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BASICSOFMAGNETICDESIGN
The peak flux density Bmax in the magnetic core to limit core losses, and
The peak current density J max in the winding conductors to limit conduction
losse
Introduction to Power Electronics
Role
Applications
Requirements
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Role
Power Electronics
Interface
Converter
Source
Load
Controller
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Applications
Renewables-based Electric Generation
Electric/Hybrid Vehicle
Design of Feedback Controllers in Power
Electronics
Need for Feedback Controllers in Power Electronics
Basic Principles
Focus on Regulated Switch-Mode Power Supplies
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Applications of Feedback Controllers
Examples:
Electric gener
Characterizing the Nonlinear Loads
Diode Rectifiers: Nonlinear Loads
Power Factor (PF)
Displacement Power Factor (DPF)
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
Harmonic Guideline IEEE-519
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Power Electronics
Interface
Converter
Source
Lo
Power Factor Correction Circuits (PFC)
Basic Principle with single-phase input
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DiodeRectifierCircuit:
idr
is
vs (t)
Ls
1
3
Rs
vd
4
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id
Cd
Req
2
2
ImplementationofPFC
Use a boost dc-dc converter to shape the r
Average Representation of a Switching
Power-Pole
Switching information is removed:
Design the feedback controller
Studying the dynamic behavior
Much faster simulation
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Average Representation of PWM Block:
ivp
Vr
vc (t )
vr
icp
vv
Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM)
in DC-DC Converters
CCM
DCM
Border of CCM and DCM
Explanation for DCM
Average Representation in DCM
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1
Vin
DC-DC Converters
dc-dc
converter
topology
(a)
C
vL
Vin
p
q
(a)
(b)
Vin
iL
vA
A
vL
Io
v
Regulated DC Power Supply
Voltage-Mode Control
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1
APPLYING LINEAR CONTROL THEORY
k FBVo*
verr
Controller
vc
Pulse Width
Modulation
Power Stage
and Load
d
vo
PWM-IC
k FB
vo (t ) Vo vo (t )
d (t ) D d (t )
Small signal representation:
Boost (Step-up DC-DC) Converters
Applications
Operation in Steady State
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BOOST CONVERTER SWITCHING ANALYSIS IN DC STEADY STATE
iL
iL
Vo
C
q
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vL
p
C
Vin
vL
Vin
q
Vo
p
2
Boost converter: operation and waveforms
Other Considerations in DC-DC Converters
Other DC-DC Converters
SEPIC and Cuk Converters
Synchronous-Rectified Buck Converters
Interleaving in Converters
Topology Selection
Worst-Case Design
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SEPIC Converters (Single-Ended Pri
Buck-Boost (Step-Down/Up DC-DC) Converters
Applications
Operation in Steady State
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1
BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER ANALYSIS IN DC
STEADY STATE
Vin
iL
vA
A
vL
Io
vA
q
Vo
Vin
vL
Io
iL
Vo
idiode
(a)
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(b)
2
Buck-Boost conver
DC-DC Converters
Applications
Classifications
Applications in AC Synthesis
Basic Concepts in DC Steady State
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Applications of DC-DC Converters
In PV Systems
Switch-mode Regulated DC Power Supplies
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Classific
