Enzymes & Enzyme Kinetics
Michael A. Ballou, Ph.D.
Associate Dean for Research & Associate Professor
Department of Animal and Food Sciences
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
[email protected]
(806) 543-5653
Metabolic Reactions
A metabolic react
Lecture 14 - Protein Metabolism
Monday, June 22, 2 015
10:10 A M
Protein Metabolism
Protein synthesis - used to build a type of protein
Transamination - changing from one AA to a different one
Protein Catabolism
Metabolism:
Lecture 9 - Lipids
Monday, June 15, 2 015
11:17 A M
LIPIDS
When you think of lipids you think of fat
There are:
Glycerol based
Things that are solid at room temperature
Things that are liquid at room temperature
Non-glyc
Lecture 12 - Proteins
Wednesday, June 17, 2 015
11:39 A M
Facts about proteins
Proteins are complex compounds of high molecular weight
They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and generally sulfur
Proteins are found i
Lecture 11 - Lipid Metabolism
Wednesday, June 17, 2 015
10:08 A M
Monogastric Digestion Summary
1. Eat a triglyceride, broken down minor by salivary lipase
2. Churning of the stomach kind of makes a ball and the may decrease
Lecture 10 - Lipid Digestion & Absorption (Clay Burso
Lecture)
Tuesday, June 16, 2 015
10:42 A M
Lipid Digestion:
Monogastric vs. Ruminants
Different due to microbes in the rumen
Similar post-ruminal digestion and absorption
M
Lecture 8 - Carbohydrate Metabolism
Thursday, June 11, 2 015
11:38 A M
Glycolysis: break-down of one glucose molecule to two pyruvate
To lyse something = break it up
Glycogenesis: process of storing glucose as glycogen; making
Lecture 3 - Ruminant Anatomy and Digestive Physiolo
Thursday, June 4, 2 015
11:35 A M
Ruminant:
an animal that regurgitates ingesta and remasticates their feed ( rumination)
4 compartment stomach
Cud-chewing, even toed, hooved
Lecture 13 - Protein Digestion & Absorption
Friday, June 1 9, 2 015
10:39 A M
Digestive Physiology
Digestion is a process, in which large insoluble molecules are broken down into
simpler compounds
The passage of the digest
Lecture 18 - Vitamins
Monday, June 29, 2 015
10:05 A M
Vitamins
Organic compounds required in small quantities
Function as enzyme cofactors
Two categories
Fat soluble
Water soluble
Component of all natural foods, but distin
Lecture 15 - Energetics
Wednesday, June 24, 2 015
10:02 A M
Energy
Exists in many forms
Radiant - solar energy or radiant heat
Mechanical - energy from a mechanical process ( engine)
Positional
Chemical - energy from some typ
Gastrointestinal Physiology
Michael A. Ballou, Ph.D.
Associate Dean for Research & Associate Professor
Department of Animal and Food Sciences
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
[email protected]
(806) 543-5653
Digestion
Breakdown of food into sm
The Cell & Biomolecules
Michael A. Ballou, Ph.D.
Associate Dean for Research & Associate Professor
Department of Animal and Food Sciences
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
[email protected]
(806) 543-5653
The Cell
Is the Basic Unit of Biology
Carbs, Carbs, and More Carbs
Michael A. Ballou, Ph.D.
Associate Dean for Research & Associate Professor
Department of Animal and Food Sciences
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
[email protected]
(806) 543-5653
CARBOHYDRATES
Classes of Carbohydr
Carbohydrate Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism
*Fed State
Monogastric (Pig)
Ruminant (Cow)
Eat Starch
Same as a Pig
Eat Starch & Cellulose
Eat Starch
Duodenum
Cecum
VFAs in the blood
VFAs in the blood
Energy (ATP)
Lipid
Eat Cellulose
Rumen
Glucose in
Lecture 17 - Minerals
Thursday, June 25, 2 015
11:13 A M
Minerals
Minerals are inorganic compounds that animals require in very small amounts
Make up about 3-5% of the animal's body
At least 22 minerals are required by anim
Lecture 16 - Water
Wednesday, June 24, 2 015
11:09 A M
Most common substance found on Earth
Over 70% of Earth's surface!
Distribution of Earth's water:
Of the amount on earth, 97% in the oceans and 3% in freshwater
Of t
Lecture 19 - Regulation of Feed Intake & Energy Balan
Tuesday, June 30, 2 015
11:06 A M
Feed Intake
Think about intake on a dry matter basis ( not as fed)
Energy content or energy density of feeds will vary too
General
Lecture 1 - Nutrition
Tuesday, June 2, 2 015
10:30 A M
Monogastrics
Ruminants
Hindgut
Nutrition: the study of the processes where feed nutrients are presented to and utilized b
living cells for productive processes - maintena
Lecture 6 - Carbohydrates
Wednesday, June 10, 2 015
10:10 A M
Carbohydrates - any type of grain(more starches), or something that comes from a grain
forages ( structural carbohydrates)
Carbohydrate - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen in
Metabolism of CH2O
Metabolic reactions
Metabolism:
Sequence, or succession, of chemical processes that take place in
the living organism
Catabolism: degradation of complex compounds to simpler
substances
Anabolism: synthesis of complex compounds from simp
Anatomy and digestive
physiology
2 Ruminants &
hindgut fermentors
Digestion in ruminants
outh
J
J = jejunum
Mouth
outh
Food is broken-down to smaller particles
by mastication and mixed with copious
amounts of saliva
Saliva
No digestive enzymes in the sali
Carbohydrates
Structure
Digestion
Absorption
Utilization
Anoosh Rakhshandeh Ph.D
[email protected]
AFS 203
Principles of Nutrition 3301
Brush Border Enzymes
Characteristics
Anchored to apical membrane
Have low Km for specific substrates
KM is the
Water
Physicochemical properties of water
Biological functions of water
Water turnover
Water requirements
Water quality
Anoosh Rakhshandeh Ph.D
[email protected]
AFS 203
Principles of Nutrition 3301
Water
The first living organisms on Earth doub
Proteins
Structure
Digestion
Absorption
Utilization
Principles of Nutrition 3301
Proteins
Proteins
Facts
Proteins are complex compounds of high molecular weight
They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
generally sulfur
Proteins are found in a
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