Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
September 3rd, 2009
Rise of Islam in Arabian Society: Background
What is the Middle East?
- Turkey to Yemen, to Egypt to Iran
The Eastern Mediterranean on the Eve of Islam
- Emerged in the early 7th century
o 610 CE is the basic agreement for a date
- Fro
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
September 10th, 2009
Discussion on: Good Muslim & Bad Muslim as well as the Political Language of Islam
Article 1
- Claim: How does he explain 9/11?
o Cannot put modern terrorism in a cultural context -> historical
context
o What see as modern extremism i
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
September 8th, 2009
I. The Prophet Muhammad and his life
Pre-Revelation Life
- Born in Mecca by the end of the 6th Century
- Member of the tribe of Quraysh
o Not a member of Quraysh of the inside
o Belonged to the clan of the Banu Hasim
Not particularly
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
September 15th, 2009
The Death of Muhammad and the Founding of the Caliphate
Taking Mecca
- Why Mecca?
o The Muslims raided trade caravans that were the source of Mecca
wealth
o Center of Pagan culture
Muslim incompatible with Pagan
o Muslims wanted to c
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
September 22nd, 2009
Schisms and Disputes Over the Caliphate
Extra Credit: Patrician Crone
- Why was Muhammad the new Moses
o Carried a religious and political message
Early Conquests/Conquest State continued . . .
- Conquests:
o Rapid conquest of Byz. An
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
September 24th, 2009
The Umayyad Caliphate (661 750)
- Government
o Damascus: inherited centralized, bureaucratic government
Borrowed a lot from the empirical structures they were
replaces
Adopted coinage
Borrowed them from Syrians
Supervised religiou
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
October 6th, 2009
Sharia & Madraras
Development of Islamic Law II: Islamic Legal Schools
The Rise of the Madrasa System
Sunni legal Schools (madhhab)
- Very early -> rivalry between scholars of Medina (Mijaz hadith oriented
traditionalists) and scholars o
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
September 29th, 2009
Abbasid Governance and Decentralization
Autonomous Governors
- Reliance on provincial rulers
o Basically: send soldiers and collected taxes
o Send governors or let rulers remain in power as recognition of
Abbasid power and tax collect
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
October 1st, 2009
Islamic Law
Development of Islamic Law I
- Constitution of Medina
o Muhammads independent legislation from the Quran
o It is not in the Quran
- Umar
o Early communal and religious regulations
o Refines legal practices
o Increases in comp
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
October 8th, 2009
Challenges to Mainstream Islam (I): Shiism
Background on Shia Islam
- General Shia Tendencies
o Theory of Imamate
Divine designation (esoteric knowledge)
The leader must have an esoteric knowledge of the
Quran
o The hidden meaning
o Un
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
October 13th, 2009
Challenges To Mainstream Islam (II): Sufism
Background on Sufi Islam
- Early Mysticism
o Reaction to legalistic Islam
A good Muslim is one who follows the Sharia
This did not satisfy the spiritual aspiration of Muslims
Shouldnt relig
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
October 27th, 2009
The Ottoman Origins
- Turkic tribes from Central Asia, like Seljuks
- 11th 12th c.
o Turkic tribes (including Oghuz) confront Byzantium in W. Anatolia
o Start to displace Byzantine and Greek populations
o Called Seljuks of Rum
Occupied
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
October 29th, 2009
The Ottomans vs. Safavids
Metin Kunt Article
- Turko-Persian Empires
o Turks were the military
Knew how to fight
The dynasty had Turkic background
o When they transition from pastoral they needed people can manage
and act in the burea
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
Lecture From the Moroccan Ambassador
October 29th, 2009
Quote: History is difficult to see while things are happenings
History of Morocco
- Muslim country since the late 8th century
o Muslim country for 12 centuries
- Very difficult to say that the Arabs
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
November 3rd, 2009
Revivalism vs. Sufism in the Ottoman Empire
The Ottomans in the 17th century
- Political character
o From conquest to bureaucratic state
Wanted to extract taxes from territories
o Bureaucratized religion
o The state did everything to o
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
November 5th, 2009
Reform & Wahhabism
Grehen Article:
- Origins of smoking in the Middle East
o Filtered into the ME from international trade
- Compared coffee and smoking
o Both innovations
All of these innovated practices are practices
What defines a
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
November 10th, 2009
Nineteenth-Century Islamic Reform
Outline:
- Colonialism & Imperialism
- Attempt at Modernization
- The Reformists: Al-Afghani & Abduh
Colonialism & Imperialism
- Increasing imperial pressures
- Two different forms of pressure
o Direct
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
November 17th, 2009
Twentieth-Century Secularism (and Islamic Responses to)
Turkey
- Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)
o The former Young Turk; radical secularist leader
o General in Turkish army
o Ataturk = father of Turks
o Fought against the Greeks and negotiate
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
December 3rd, 2009
Broad Impact of Islamic Mobilization
- Iranian Revolution (go online for points)
o Stereotypes of Islam as a militant religion become prevalent
Fundamentalism was on the rise in Sunni
Saudi Arabia
The assassination of Sadat in Egypt
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
November 12th, 2009
Pan-Islam in the late 19th c.
- What is nationalism?
o Emphasis not on religion
o First time
o Ideology
- Nationalism in Balkans and ME->Ottomans lose territories to Greek, Serbian,
Bulgarian nationalism
o Europe supported
o Wanted to
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
December 1st, 2009
Note for paper: Modernization
Pakistan
- Is this conception of Islamic state lived up to its ideals
- Departure from the Middle East
- Represents a model for how Islam was incorporated into the state
- Transition from secular to Islamic
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
November 19th, 2009
Iran: Shiism
The Iranian ulama Review and Background
- Ijtihad, mujtahid (interpreter), marja-I taqlid (source of imitation)
o Through ijtihad they came closest on earth to understanding the
esoteric meaning of the Quran
o Mujtahid hav
Iran, Egypt, Turkey/; Alternative Paths to Modernity
HISTORY HST 195
-
Fall 2010
November 20th, 2009
Slavoj Zizek
- Published 30 books
- Stage an engagement between philosophy and culture
o Speculative identity
- A couple examples of critique of ideology
o Def:
Paul
For our struggle its not flesh and blood, but leaders,
authority, a
