Chapter 3a Part 1
Neural basis of behaviour
How does the brain control
experience and behaviour?
Neurons
conducting
cells of
nervous
system
How do neurons
function?
How do neurons
communicate?
Neurons
Cell body
(soma)
Contains genetic information
dete
Chapter 10 Part 1
Intelligence
Ability to acquire knowledge, to think & reason
effectively, & deal with environment
What constitutes intelligence may be culturespecific
Single factor.
Measures of success.
Mental ability is inherited
Relatives.
Francis G
Chapter 9 Part 2
1
Acquiring a Language
Appearance of language is NOT result of
conscious decision
Simply decide to go to language school?
(Like deciding to join track team - take
elective)
Do we have a biological readiness for
language?
Is the brain
Chapter 11 Part 3
Emotion
No aspect of our mental
life is more important to
the quality and meaning
of our existence than
emotions. They are what
make life worth living, or
sometimes ending
Which emotions are you
currently experiencing?
Which emotions do
Chapter 11 Part 2
Obesity
Canada
59% of adults overweight; 23%
obese
20% of children overweight; 8%
obese
Body Mass
Index
Genetic influences
Based on height & weight
Influence basal
metabolism and
tendency to store
energy as fat or lean
tissue
Obesity
Chapter 6 Part 4
Drugs & Altered Consciousness
Hallucinogenics been
used for millennia
Psychoactive
drugs pervasive
part of society
Modify brain
chemistry - cross
blood-brain
barrier
Facilitate or inhibit
synaptic
transmission
Video
How drugs facilitate t
Chapter 10 Part 2
Group Tests
Administered to groups
Do not produce individual IQ measures
Achievement Tests
Designed to discover how much
someone knows
Aptitude Tests
Measure potential for future learning and
performance
Measuring Intelligence
Wechsler (
Chapter 11 Part 4
Fundamental Emotions
Are there basic
human emotions?
If so, how many?
Fundamental Emotions
Hierarchy of
emotions
Universal
Positive &
negative affect
First to appear
Basic
Subtle
Appear later
Influenced by
culture
Derived from
basic emot
Chapter 13 Part 1
Social Thinking & Perception
Attributions
Judgments about causes of our
own and other peoples
behaviour and outcomes
React with understanding or
anger ?
Social Thinking & Perception
Personal (Internal)
Attributions
Peoples
behaviour is
c
Chapter 13 Part 2
Social Influence
Presence of others
Enhance or hinder performance
Depends upon the task
Social Facilitation
Increased tendency to perform ones dominant response in
presence of others
Typically correct when task is easy
Typically inc
Chapter 13 Part 4
Prejudice & Discrimination
Negative attitudes towards others because of
their membership in a group (out-group).
Based on inaccurate,
incomplete or fictitious
information.
all long-held attitudes,
resistant to change
Prejudice & Discr
Chapter 9 Part 1
1
Mental Representations
At core of our ability to do many things
Take a variety of forms
Images
Ideas
Concepts
Principles
Manipulate these in form of language, thinking,
reasoning, problem-solving
Language
Possessing
language =
quint
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Introd
Chapter 3b Part 1
Divisions of Nervous System
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Brain and Spinal
Cord
Peripheral Nervous
System
Connects CNS with
muscles, glands,
and sensory
receptors
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic nervous
system
Sensory & motor neurons
bi
Chapter 3a Part 2
Myelin
Axon
Layers of
Myelin
Development of Myelin
Nodes of Ranvier and the Speed of Conduction
Nodes of Ranvier and the Speed of Conduction
Nodes of
Ranvier
Nodes of Ranvier and the Speed of Conduction
Myelin Sheath
Fatty insulation la
Chapter 4 Part 1
Chromosomes and Genes
Phenotype
Genotype
Specific genetic
makeup
Present from
birth
Observable
characteristics
Never changes
Can be altered by
other genes,
environment
e.g. How tall you
can grow vs how
tall you actually
grow
Chromosomes a
Chapter 5 Part 1
5 Senses
May be more
complex than just
5
Could
add:
Balance and body position
Touch
pressure, pain, temperature
Blood chemistry
Immune system
Information comes in through our senses
- our brains interpret this information
You LOOK wi
Chapter 5 Part 4
Involves 2 processes
Focusing on certain
stimuli
Demonstrated in
shadowing experiments
Listen to 2 messages
delivered through earphones
(one through each earphone)
Focus on one; ignore other
Filtering out other
information
Can recall info
Chapter 5 Part 2
Vision
Perceive small part of electromagnetic (EM) spectrum
Light waves measured in nanometers (billionths of
meter)
From 700 nm to 400 nm
Colour Mixing
Light
Paint
Additive
Subtractive
Structures of Visual System
Back of Eye
light
Lay
Chapter 5 Part 3
Audition
Stimulus for
hearing =
sound waves
Described by 2
characteristics
Frequency
Amplitude
Sound waves
Frequency
#of cycles (Hz) per second - Related to the pitch
Amplitude
Amount of compression & expansion of molecules
Related t
Chapter 6 Part 2
Stages of Sleep
Stage 1
Light sleep
Theta waves (3.5-7.5 cps)
Lasts few minutes
May experience body jerks
Theta waves
Stages of Sleep
Stage 2
Sleep deepens - muscles more relaxed harder to awaken
Sleep spindles (1-2 second
bursts of
Chapter 6 Part 3
Sleep Disorders
1/2 to 2/3 of adults report some form of sleep
problem
Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
Chronic difficulty in falling asleep, staying
asleep, or experiencing restful sleep
Most common sleep disorder (10 - 40% of
population)
Pse
Were Imperfect Beings
Recall .
Only 50% of what we hear is recalled
20-30% of what we recall, we recall incorrectly
Speeds
Average Speaking Speed 120 words per minute
Average Writing Speed 25 words per minute
Memory
More than of what you hear is forgott
Chapter 2 Part 1
Scientific Attitudes
Are scientists different? Yes!
Curiosity - Why?
Skepticism- What is the evidence?
Open-minded other explanations?
Steps in Scientific Process
Form a question
Gather information form hypothesis (specific prediction)
Co
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