Chapter 8
Subsidence and Soil Expansion and Contraction
Subsidence
Subsurface ground failure
Occurred naturally or induced by human activities
Slow setting or rapid collapse
Causes: Withdrawal of fluids or removal of solid materials (dissolution, karst to
SNOW AVALANCHES
Introduction
What is a snow avalanche?
Masses of snow, generally more than a few cubic metres
in volume, that separate from the intact snowpack and
slide or flow downslope
May travel as a coherent block or it may rapidly disintegrate
in
SLOPE PROCESSES,
MASS WASTING,
LANDSLIDES,
The Hope slide, 18 kilometres east of Hope, was one of the
largest slides in Canadian history. The southwestern slope of
Johnson Peak, collapsed on January 9, 1965, spreading 47 million
cubic metres of debris, 85
