o Connected Rome to cities to south
The spoils of empire
Romans generals commonly resorted to looting, reprisal, massacres, mass deportations, and
enslavements
149 first of series of laws which established permanent court to deal with cases of extortion
o Antony committed suicide after false rumor of Cleopatras death and Cleopatra committed
suicide with news of Antonys death
Octavian now alone, unrivalled sole ruler of Rome
Signalized restoration of peace by closing the temple of Janus
Octavians role
Pompey extended his position of proconsul in Spain and cut Caesars term in Gaul by 1 year
Caesar to busy to react immediately
Disaster of Carrhae
o Crassus desire for military glory lead him to war against Parthians
o Raided Mesopotamia first
o Had int
o 16 Aes
Ceasar gold coin Aureus used for large transactions, not common
Value of currency was value of metal
Late empire- devaluation of currency
Antionius devalued coin worth 2 denarius
Most coins given to soldiers who spend elsewhere and spread cu
Lecture 9: Free statuses & Slavery
Roman Slavery
Indispensable to the functioning of Roman society at all levels
Population estimates vary WIDELY
doing ancient demographics = hard
roman empire is very vast
sketchy sources report diff things
sources:
Lecture 10: Law and Crime
Last lecture we talked about free statuses and slaves, along with the
punishments of trying to escape and stuff like that. Now, we will move
into issues of legality (law and crime).
Recall: the Lex Roscia which reserved the first
Lecture 2: Early Rome & The Roman Republic (Part
2 of 2)
Previously from Lecture 1:
Throughout the 4th-3rd Century, Romans take over Etruria through a
series of conquests:
Siege of Veii (396 BCE)
Samnite Wars (343 - 290 BCE) - central Italy
Pyrrhic War
Lecture 8: More art and archeology
Subjects from Sept 29 - setting the scene for social and cultural
history; laying down the foundations.
Victory Monuments continued
Arch of Septimius Severus, Rome (203 CE)
example of another victory monument related t
Lecture 11: Religion and Ritual 1
Gods, Priesthoods, State Religion
Religion, ritual/cult, belief
Prevalence of the gods in everyday life.
polytheism
they worship many gods
where do these gods come from?
greek gods
greek gods are spelt with an etrus
Lecture 1: Early Rome & The Roman Republic (Part
1 of 2)
circar = around about
BC = BCE
AD = CE
there is no 0
_
_
Bronze Age (3000-900 BCE)
Composed of the Villanova & Latial cultures
not much info really known about these cultures
all the info we know
Lecture 7: Art, architecture, and archaeology
Sacred architecture
One of the earliest temples is the Temple of Jupiter Optimus
Maximus.
On the Capitoline Hill (6th century BCE).
Built under the last etruscan king.
3 internal celli(?) to put objects fo
Lecture ?: Roman Health(?)
Ancient medicine
our knowledge is mostly limited to texts
made by Cato (the elder), Galen, Soranus, Celsus
Cato (already talked about him)
Galen (2nd century CE) = greek/ionian man born in
Pergamum, writes under the roman em
Lecture 12: Religion and Ritual 2
Individual experiences
Festivals
Lupercalia - February 15th
has unknown origins
banned in the 5th century CE transformed into feast of
Ludi
the Purification of the Virgin.
Megalenses
ludi = games, associated with eith
The winning of an Empire
Consequences of Roman expansion across Italy
o Coherent unit use of Latin Language of Italy
o Roman customs and Law began to spread
o Italic culture began to emerge influenced by Etruscans and Greeks
Roman road began to be built
Consulship replaced kingship originally called praetors
o Appointment by election by an assembly of the roman people
o Tenure of the post limited to 1 year often not immediate reelection
o Collegiality: 2 magistrates with equal imperium
o Accountability:
Roman Civilizations Notes
Italy
Fertile soil very productive land agriculturally
Alps at North of Italy
Split by Apennine mountains
Attracted attention from Eastern Coastal regions
o Vulnerable around sea board
o Italy most potentially productive regi
o She had ambition of seeing Nero take throne, he was persuaded to take Nero as own son
o Claudius began inclining towards Britannicus (his son) rather than Nero as heir
o Agrippa sought advice of Locusta expert in poisons Claudius died suddenly and Nero
o Trajan in turn, destroyed Decebalus kingdom in AD 104
o Territory settled largely by legionaries
Upon Trajans return, raised monument Trajans Column and there were 123 days of public
games and gladiatorial contests
Euphrates had been vague boundary be
Liquamen Fish sauce produced in factories
March 9th notes
Roman family - differ in east and west
Differ in two distinct ways
o Extended family not nuclear
Client helped, protected, and supported financially by pater famil
Owed moral and physical suppo
Quaesters automatically became senate members after 1 year + 20 quaestor elected each
year
Re-established order and minimum ages at which men could be appointed to various
magistracies reformed and expanded courts, making senators jurors
o 30 quaestor 3
