Introduction to Computer
Algorithmics and Programming
Ceng 113
Introduction to C
Variables and Operators in C
Y.Mh.Serap ATAY
<[email protected]>
C Language
C was developed at Bell Laboratories.
(Brian Kernighan and Dennis Richie)-1972
C is known as a
Introduction to Computer
Algorithmics and Programming
Ceng 113
PScheme - Exercises
Y.Mh.Serap ATAY
<[email protected]>
Constructing Procedures
Using Lambda
Using lambda we can describe what we
want as
(lambda (x) (+ x 4)
(lambda (x) (/ 1.0 (* x (+ x
Introduction to Computer
Algorithmics and Programming
Ceng 113
PScheme
Y.Mh.Serap ATAY
<[email protected]>
Example-1
(define (inc x) (+ x 1)
(define (dec y) (- y 1)
(define (Add a b)
(if (= a 0)
b
(inc (Add (dec a) b)
(define (Add a b)
(if (= a 0)
b
(
Introduction to Computer
Algorithmics and Programming
Ceng 113
Storage of programs and data .
Y.Mh.Serap ATAY
<[email protected]>
Structure of the computer
Storage of Programs and Data
What do you think happens when you press the keys?
Does a letter A
Introduction to Computer
Algorithmics and Programming
Ceng 113
Designing the program
Y.Mh.Serap ATAY
<[email protected]>
Program Design
The need for design.
Program Design
1. Define the output.
2. Develop logic to get to that output.
3. Write the pro
Introduction to Computer
Algorithmics and Programming
Ceng 113
Introduction to algorithm
and
programming concepts.
r.Gr.Serap ATAY
[email protected]
What does a computer do?
Who is the programmer?
What is the Computer Information
System?
Computer I
Top-Down Design
2. Program Development
1
Top-Down Design: A solution method where the problem is broken down into smaller
sub-problems, which in turn are broken down into smaller subproblems, continuing until each sub-problem can be solved in a few
steps.
Algorithm
Algorithm:
1. Introduction
1
a finite set of instructions that specify a sequence of operations to be
carried out in order to solve a specific problem or class of problems.
[Zwass]
Properties of algorithms:
Finiteness:
Algorithm must complete af
Introduction to Computer Algorithmics and
Programming
Ceng 113
Custom Data Types
Unions, Enumaration
Y.Mh.Serap ATAY
<[email protected]>
Unions
A union is a memory location that is shared by two or more different
variables, generally different types,
Introduction to Computer Algorithmics and
Programming
Ceng 113
Custom Data Types
Structures
Y.Mh.Serap ATAY
<[email protected]>
Custom Data Types
We can create custom data types five different ways.
Structure;
Which is a grouping of variables under
Introduction to Computer Algorithmics and
Programming
Ceng 113
Recursive Functions
Y.Mh.Serap ATAY
<[email protected]>
Recursion
There are two approaches to writing repititive algorithms:
1. Iteration
2. Recursion; is a repititive process in which an
Introduction to Computer
Algorithmics and Programming
Ceng 113
Functions
Y.Mh.Serap ATAY
<[email protected]>
Functions
The general form of a function is;
type_specifier
function_name(parameter list)
cfw_
body of the function
The type_specifier specif
Introduction to Computer
Algorithmics and Programming
Ceng 113
Pointers
Y.Mh.Serap ATAY
<[email protected]>
Pointers
A pointer is a variable that holds a memory address and
this address is usually the location of another variable in
memory.
1000
1003
Introduction to Computer
Algorithmics and Programming
Ceng 113
Arrays and Strings
Y.Mh.Serap ATAY
<[email protected]>
Arrays
An array is a collection of variables of the same type that
are referenced by a common name.
A specific element in an array
Introduction to Computer
Algorithmics and Programming
Ceng 113
Program Control Statements
Y.Mh.Serap ATAY
<[email protected]>
Program Control Statements
Selection
if and switch
Iteration
while, for, do-while
Jump
break, continue, goto, return
L
1
2
Preface. 6
Preface to the first edition . 8
Chapter 1 - A Tutorial Introduction . 9
1.1 Getting Started. 9
1.2 Variables and Arithmetic Expressions . 11
1.3 The for statement. 16
1.4 Symbolic Constants. 17
1.5 Character Input and Output .
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