*=will be on midterm
many diferent levels of analysis
In vivo -in the whole intact organism
How is it that the right numbersof neurons are made? connected?
Use culturing techniques to study individual cells in absence of their neighbors, which may provide
NPB 161
Neurogenesis
Dr. McAllister
The sources of
the enormous
number of
neurons and glia
that make up the
nervous system
are the cells of the
neural tube
Early neural tube
consists only of
undifferentiated
neural and glial
precursors
Kandel. Schwartz, a
NPB 161
Segmentation
&
Regionalization
Dr. McAllister
Formation of the
Neural Tube
Early neural tube
consists only of
undifferentiated
neural and glial
precursors
*a significant
amount of
differentiation of the
neural tube
depends on factors
derived from
Neuronal Migration
How Do Neurons Get to Their Final Destination?
MIGRATION
Neurons migrate substantial
distances.tens of millimeters in
some cases
Sanes, Reh, and Harris, 2000
Migration in the Cerebral Cortex
-Migration of Excitatory Neurons (Pyramidal c
1999 Nature America Inc. http:/neurosci.nature.com
articles
Development of ocular dominance
columns in the absence of retinal
input
Justin C. Crowley and Lawrence C. Katz
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Box 3209, Duke Univ
letters to nature
Imaging and analysis
Motor units and neuromuscular junctions were reconstructed on laser scanning confocal
microscopes (Olympus Flouview FV500 and Bio-Rad 1024). Images were obtained with a
60 (1.4 NA) oil objective with a zoom equal to
Agrin promotes synaptic differentiation by
counteracting an inhibitory effect of neurotransmitter
Thomas Misgeld*, Terrance T. Kummer*, Jeff W. Lichtman, and Joshua R. Sanes
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 0
Experience-dependent
Refinement
& Critical Periods I
NPB 161
The environment that influences brain development
continually enlarges as the animal matures
Purves and Lichtman1985
Plasticity in the developing brain
Plasticity refers to the capacity to under
Synapse Elimination: NMJ
Overabundant and inappropriate synaptic connections
are pruned and eliminated
Although axon pathfinding is amazingly
precise, after an axon gets to its target
it may make inappropriate connections.
These mistakes can be corrected
Lecture 02.05.15
Axon Guidance I
1. Define sperry chemoaffinity hypothesis. Describe the experiment he did to test this hypothesis. What
are the predictions if hes correct? What what the result?
Answer:
Hypothesis
: axon guidance relies on chemical matchi
Lecture 02.03.15 & Lecture 02.05.15
Axon Guidance I
Neural Differentiation:
to develop properly
develop biophysical machinery: channels, the capacity to be electrical cells
develop biochemical machinery: neurotransmitter, neurotransmitter receptors
ex
2004 Nature Publishing Group http:/www.nature.com/natureneuroscience
ARTICLES
Cortical neurons arise in symmetric and asymmetric
division zones and migrate through specific phases
Descriptive paper
Stephen C Noctor1, Vernica Martnez-Cerdeo1, Lidija Ivic1
REPORTS
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
872
connected to a frame grabbing board (Scion LG3) in
a Macintosh computer. Frames were acquired at 30
ms/frame and analyzed with NIH-Image.
D. Smetters, A. Majewska, R. Yuste, Methods 18, 2
NPB 161
Neural Induction
Dr. McAllister
Prenatal Growth of the Human Brain
After Cowan 1979
Vertebrate embryos of different species are strikingly similar
*similarity suggests that these different animals share both a common
ancestor and the same basic me
NPB 161: Developmental Neurobiology
Instructor: Dr. McAllister (Usrey)
[email protected]
Time: 9-10:20am
Please be on timeI will start at 9am sharp. This classroom will be
packed.
Lecture notes will be posted the afternoon before the lecture at the
Identification of BMP5 as the inhibitor
-came out of studies focused on determining if neural induction is similar to Drosphilia and vertebrates
-Drosophilia experiments identified an inducer similar to chordin
-this led to experiments to identify genetic
NPB 161: Developmental Neurobiology
Instructor: Dr. McAllister (Usrey)
[email protected]
Time: 9-10:20am
Please be on timeI will start at 9am sharp. This classroom will be packed.
Lecture notes will be posted the afternoon before the lecture at the
Repair
& Regeneration
NPB 161
2015
When you examine a man with a
dislocation of a vertebra of his neck,
and you find him unable to move his
arms and his legs then you have
to say: a disease one cannot treat.
- ancient Egyptian papyrus
Peripheral nerve reg
REPORTS
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
872
connected to a frame grabbing board (Scion LG3) in
a Macintosh computer. Frames were acquired at 30
ms/frame and analyzed with NIH-Image.
D. Smetters, A. Majewska, R. Yuste, Methods 18, 2
3002 The Journal of Neuroscience, March 24, 2004 24(12):30023012
Development/Plasticity/Repair
Netrin-1 and Semaphorin 3A Promote or Inhibit Cortical
Axon Branching, Respectively, by Reorganization of
the Cytoskeleton
Erik W. Dent,1 Aileen M. Barnes,1 Fan
Agrin promotes synaptic differentiation by
counteracting an inhibitory effect of neurotransmitter
Thomas Misgeld*, Terrance T. Kummer*, Jeff W. Lichtman, and Joshua R. Sanes
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 0
letters to nature
Imaging and analysis
Motor units and neuromuscular junctions were reconstructed on laser scanning confocal
microscopes (Olympus Flouview FV500 and Bio-Rad 1024). Images were obtained with a
60 (1.4 NA) oil objective with a zoom equal to
Answers to the 4 questions for Lamb et al. paper on Neural Induction:
(1) Main question:
Does noggin meet the criteria for a neural inducer?
Or: Does noggin directly induce neural tissue?
(2) Approaches (Methods):
For most papers, it helps to remember the
Wellman 119
Winter 2015
9-10:20am, Tuesdays and Thursdays
NPB 161: Developmental Neurobiology
Instructor:
Dr. Kimberley McAllister (Anne Usrey)
[email protected]
Reader:
Course Goal and Organization: The purpose of the course is to familiarize you w
REPORTS
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
872
connected to a frame grabbing board (Scion LG3) in
a Macintosh computer. Frames were acquired at 30
ms/frame and analyzed with NIH-Image.
D. Smetters, A. Majewska, R. Yuste, Methods 18, 2
