September 30, 2015
Background on Abelard
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Born into lower aristocracy
o Gave up his future as a knight in the pursuit of knowledge
Economic boom at this point in history
o Families had money to spare and wanted to send children to school
Better
September 28, 2015
Anselm Proslogion
Chapter 6:
We perceive something as a means to understanding it
o Through this perception, we understand what it is in our minds, although this could be a
perception unique to our own minds
Chapter 7: In what sense God
September 16, 2015
Freedom of Choice
Rectitude of
will
What ought
to be
Necessity
Sufferance
1. Knowing whats
right
2. Knowing it to
be right
3. Because its
simply right
Justice
Animals blindly
following
habit/appetite
Moral Evaluation
Coercion
When force
September 23, 2015
Anselm Proslogion
Chapter 1:
Read like a prayer
o Showed humility
o As opposed to speaking as teacher, Anselm is questioning things as a student
Augustinian quote
Questions how can one see God
o Not physical, rather the face value of G
September 2, 2015
Adolescent skepticism: How do you know
Academic skepticism:
o Being wrong was shameful didnt ask questions
Stoics
From Aristotle
o Seeing the world from Gods POV
Achieved once enough knowledge has been attained
Wise person:
o Free from
September 21, 2015
On the fall of the Devil (Ch. 13-28)
Hierarchy of needs
o Top: divine being God
o Everyone desires to reach this level
o Through justice?
What is right
Once justice has been rejected, it is extremely difficult to attain it again
More
September 9, 2015
Augustine: The Teacher part 2
Man cannot teach since all instruction begins with signs
Teaching is one thing, but signifying is another
Teaching is self-revelation of what something means
Conclusions:
o Nothing can be taught without sign
September 14, 2015
Dark Ages
Roman cultural institutions disintegrated
o Invasions Germanic tribes
o Difficult travel
Bad roads
Impassable seas
o Cities began to fall
o Economic downturn
o Fleeting populace
Rome = ghost town
Anselm Background
After Boe
October 28, 2015
Best form of a substance
o Particular substance
Universals are of a particular substance
Accidents are in a particular substance
Maimonides
Moses ben Maimon
1135-1204
Born in France
o Family moved to Cairo when he was 13 due to recent c
October 14, 2015
Transition from Old Middle Ages to New Middle Ages: Dark Ages
N. Africa and the Middle East
Do not fall into period of darkness like Europe
o No Dark Ages
Philosophy written in Arabic
o Muslim, Jewish, and Christian philosophers alike
Con
October 26, 2015
Aristotles Categories
Everyone who followed Aristotle took this piece very seriously large applicability
o Even enemies/those opposed to Aristotle still reference this piece of work
Seems to be based on Ontology
o Ontology: study of where
7 October, 2015
Ethical Writings Part 2?
Presentation 1:
Reconciliation of these sins
Pentane
o Penance of the damned
Non-beneficial for of showing remorse
Out of fear of consequences for actions done wrong
Dont necessarily see error in actions
Not bo
October 5, 2015
Ethical Writings Abelard Book 1: Ethics
Presentation 1: Steven
Four steps of sinning
1. Vice
2. Will
3. Consent
4. Action
Sin
Sinning to someone
o More insulting to sin in front of people as opposed to sinning in privacy
o Degrades surroun
ovember 30, 2015
Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy 1-3
Background on Descartes
Descartes went to the Netherlands
o One of the freest European countries
o There he published the Meditations
Received a lot of opposition
Mediations
What are medit
November 23, 2015
Presentations
Continence: self-control
o intermediate between vice and virtue
o Doesnt give full virtue, but one can perform it in a way that is against vice
Continence and virtue
o In order for continence to be a virtue
o No one sins by
August 26, 2015
Schools of Philosophy
(Similar to individual religions)
Stoics Monotheistic type god (like Zeus) runs universe based on rational
o Basic idea from Aristotle taken to an extreme
If youre virtuous, youre happy
Epicureans gods exist, but don
November 16, 2015
Sections 75-78
Presentation
Does sin have a cause?
o Objection 1: Sin has a characteristic of evil Evil does not have a cause
Therefore sin does not have a cause
Ex. Fire does not cause cold, rather it causes heat which is a privation
November 2, 2015
God as a substance cant be further categorized by qualities/quantities (accidents)
o Divine simplicity
Positive predication
o God is.
Liberating
Just
Wise
o Not a description of God, rather of His actions
Limited by Aristotle
Maimonid
November 4, 2015
Article 4 Question 10: Is the will enforced by God
Objection 1: God Omnipotence
Objection 2: Will necessarily to nature
God Operation in all things
\ God moves the will
Objection 3: if will does not move to Gods will. Gods movement effect
November 9, 2015
Action Theory
What is the ultimate human happiness?
o Aquinas: Being one with God
Secular living a full and happy life
Theoretical interest?
o How is produced?
o How can it be thwarted?
o More effective/ineffective?
o More voluntary/invo
October 26, 2015
Aristotles Categories
Everyone who followed Aristotle took this piece very seriously large applicability
o Even enemies/those opposed to Aristotle still reference this piece of work
Seems to be based on Ontology
o Ontology: study of where
August 31, 2015
Academic Skepticism
Kind encountered by Augustine
Taught by Pluto
o Later founded The Academy school of philosophy
Arcesilaus
Socrates had people talk to others and realize they didnt know much
o He discussed how he too didnt always have t
December 9, 2015
Stuff for Final
Aristotle
o Categories
o Universals
o Accidents
Maimonides
o Metaphysics
o Language about God
o The mind and the body
Agent intellect
Monitor vs PC analogy
Aquinas
o On action
Voluntariness
What makes an action volu
December 2, 2015
Mediation 4
Presentations
So far we know
1. Descartes is thinking and therefore exists
2. God is a perfect being
Perfect beings dont make mistakes
o Why do I continue to make mistakes each and every day?
Faculty of intellect
Ability t
August 26, 2015
Schools of Philosophy
(Similar to individual religions)
Stoics Monotheistic type god (like Zeus) runs universe based on rational
o Basic idea from Aristotle taken to an extreme
If youre virtuous, youre happy
Epicureans gods exist, but don
