Th2 Cells
Th2 cells stimulate the proliferation and the differentiation of B cells.
B-T Interaction (Cognate interactions)
MHC-peptide (B) and TCR (T)
CD40 (B) and CD40L (T)
Initiation of humoral immune response
Cytokines produced by CD4 T cells
regulate
Regulatory T cells (TR) (Treg)
CD4+CD25+ Foxp3 cells are the best characterized
Actively suppress immune responses
1. Develop in the thymus and express CD4, CD25, and Foxp3 (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+). This
population is called naturally occurring Treg.
2. Can be
NKT cells (NKT)
TCR+NK1.1+ cells
Recognize glycolipid presented by CD1
Produce cytokines rapidly after stimulation
1. Recognize glycolipid presented by CD1 via a TCR with an invariant TCR alpha chain (V14
for murine, V24 human).
2. Are developed on thy
Describe the likely molecular and cellular interactions that trigger cytokine production depicted
in b.
What is -Gal-Cer ?
What are CD1d tetramers, and how are they generated?
Why is an antibody against V24 (of a T cell receptor) a relevant marker in thes
Explai
n mechanisms underlying impacts of TAP and tapasin deficiencies on surface expression of MHC
class I
Tpn/ mice had few (15%20% of wild type) mature CD8+ T cells in the periphery, yet numbers
were significantly higher than in TAP/ mice
Explain why T
Section 1: Antigen Recognition in innate and adaptive immune responses
Deficient Responsiveness of TLR4-Deficient Macrophages to LPS
1. Explain differences between TLR2- and TLR4-deficient macrophages in their
responsiveness to LPS and Lipid A.
Thioglycol
Helper T cells (Th)
MHC class II restricted by expressing CD4
Generation of Effector CD4 T cells
Requires three signals
Signal 1
TCR ligation: Activation
Signal 2
Co-stimulation: Survival
Signal 3
Cytokines: Differentiation
Role of effector CD4 T cells
Th
EAE
(Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis)
1. Inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system
2. Acute or chronic-relapsing autoimmne disease
3. Mediated by myelin-specific CD4+ T cells secreting Th1 cytokines
4. Model for multiple s
NAME:
1. (10 points) The main function of TGF- is dampening an ongoing immune response, such
as Treg-mediated suppression. Yet, it is also essential to generate Th17 cells. How can
this be possible? What is the key event to generate Th17 cells in vivo and
Cytotoxic cells (CTL)
MHC class I restricted by expressing CD8
Kill infected cells
Programming of CTL
Effector phase
o Nave CD8 Ag specific priming, expansion (15-50,000 x), travel to the site of
infection, kill infected cells and secret effector cytok
