AP CHEM
Atomic Isotopes
Give the symbol of the element mass number Na sodium-23 atomic number
Isotopes of chlorine
35
37
Cl
Cl
17
17
chlorine - 35
chlorine - 37
Naturally occurring hydrogen consists of three isotopes, protium (H-1),deuterium (H-2), and
tr
Atomic Theories
*
Daltons Atomic Theory vs Modern Atomic Theory
All matter is made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms.
Atoms of the same element are identical, those of different atoms are different.
Atoms of different elements combine in whole
AP CHEM
Thompsons Atomic Model
Atoms are building blocks of elements
Similar atoms in each element
Different from atoms of other elements
Two or more different atoms bond together to form compounds
Location of Subatomic Particles
Modern Atomic Theory
Part
AP CHEM
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Converting the Mole Unit
What is the volume of 8.80g of CH4 gas at STP?
8.80g CH4 x 1mole x 22.4L
1
16g CH4 1mole
How to change moles to grams:
moles to atoms
moles to
AP CHEM
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Atomic Mass with Percent Composition
You can also calculate the mass of an element in a given amount of a compound using %
composition.
Step 1: calculate the % comp. only of the
AP CHEM
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Amedeo Avogadros Theory
Avogadros Hypothesis - at the same temperature and pressure equal volumes of gas have
the same number of particles.
Examples
What is the volume of 4.59 m
AP CHEM
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Variables Affecting the Volume of Gasses
Two things effect the volume of a gas
Temperature and pressure
Scientists compare gases at Standard Temperature and Pressure
Standard Temp
AP CHEM
Chemical Quantities
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
The Mole
% Composition, Empirical and Molecular Formulas
How you measure how much?
You can measure mass, or volume, or you can count pieces.
We measure mass in grams.
We measure volume in liters.
We count piec
Balancing Chemical Equations
Double Replacement Reaction two compounds react and exchange positive ions to form two
new compounds.
AB + CD
AD + CB
*
Barium Chloride(aq) + potassium carbonate(aq) barium carbonate( + potassium
)
chloride(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + K2C
