Chemistry for Majors: Atoms First

Appendices

Half-Lives for Several Radioactive Isotopes

Isotope	Half-Life^[5]	Type of Emission^[6]	Isotope	Half-Life^[7]	Type of Emission^[8]
${}_{6}^{14}\text{C}$	$\text{5730 y}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{83}^{210}\text{Bi}$	$\text{5}.0\text{1 d}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$
${}_{7}^{13}\text{N}$	$\text{9}\text{.97 m}$	$\left({\beta }^{+}\right)$	${}_{83}^{212}\text{Bi}$	$\text{6}0.\text{55 m}$	$\left(\alpha \text{ or }{\beta }^{-}\right)$
${}_{9}^{15}\text{F}$	$4.1 \times {10}^{-22}\text{s}$	$\left(p\right)$	${}_{84}^{210}\text{Po}$	$\text{138}.\text{4 d}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{11}^{24}\text{Na}$	$\text{15}\text{.00 h}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{84}^{212}\text{Po}$	$3 \times {10}^{-7}\text{s}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{15}^{32}\text{P}$	$\text{14}\text{.29 d}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{84}^{216}\text{Po}$	$0.\text{15 s}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{19}^{40}\text{K}$	$1.27 \times {10}^{9}\text{y}$	$\left(\beta \text{ or }E.C.\right)$	${}_{84}^{218}\text{Po}$	$\text{3}.0\text{5 m}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{26}^{49}\text{Fe}$	$\text{0}\text{.08 s}$	$\left({\beta }^{+}\right)$	${}_{85}^{215}\text{At}$	$1.0 \times {10}^{-4}\text{s}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{26}^{60}\text{Fe}$	$2.6 \times {10}^{6}\text{y}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{85}^{218}\text{At}$	$\text{1}.\text{6 s}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{27}^{60}\text{Co}$	$\text{5}\text{.27 y}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{86}^{220}\text{Rn}$	$\text{55}.\text{6 s}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{37}^{87}\text{Rb}$	$4.7 \times {10}^{10}\text{y}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{86}^{222}\text{Rn}$	$\text{3}.\text{82 d}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{38}^{90}\text{Sr}$	$\text{29 y}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{88}^{224}\text{Ra}$	$\text{3}.\text{66 d}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{49}^{115}\text{In}$	$5.1 \times {10}^{15}\text{y}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{88}^{226}\text{Ra}$	$\text{16}00\text{ y}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{53}^{131}\text{I}$	$\text{8}\text{.040 d}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{88}^{228}\text{Ra}$	$\text{5}.\text{75 y}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$
${}_{58}^{142}\text{Ce}$	$5 \times {10}^{15}\text{y}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$	${}_{89}^{228}\text{Ac}$	$\text{6}.\text{13 h}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$
${}_{81}^{208}\text{Tl}$	$\text{3}\text{.07 m}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{90}^{228}\text{Th}$	$\text{1}.\text{913 y}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{82}^{210}\text{Pb}$	$\text{22}\text{.3 y}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{90}^{232}\text{Th}$	$1.4 \times {10}^{10}\text{y}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{82}^{212}\text{Pb}$	$\text{10}\text{.6 h}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{90}^{233}\text{Th}$	$\text{22 m}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$
${}_{82}^{214}\text{Pb}$	$\text{26}\text{.8 m}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{90}^{234}\text{Th}$	$\text{24}.\text{1}0\text{ d}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$
${}_{83}^{206}\text{Bi}$	$\text{6}\text{.243 d}$	$\left(E.C.\right)$	${}_{91}^{233}\text{Pa}$	$\text{27 d}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$
${}_{92}^{233}\text{U}$	$1.59 \times {10}^{5}\text{y}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$	${}_{96}^{242}\text{Cm}$	$\text{162}.\text{8 d}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{92}^{234}\text{U}$	$2.45 \times {10}^{5}\text{y}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$	${}_{97}^{243}\text{Bk}$	$\text{4}.\text{5 h}$	$\left(\alpha \text{ or }E.C.\right)$
${}_{92}^{235}\text{U}$	$7.03 \times {10}^{8}\text{y}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$	${}_{99}^{253}\text{Es}$	$\text{2}0.\text{47 d}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{92}^{238}\text{U}$	$4.47 \times {10}^{9}\text{y}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$	${}_{100}^{254}\text{Fm}$	$\text{3}.\text{24 h}$	$\left(\alpha \text{ or }S.F.\right)$
${}_{92}^{239}\text{U}$	$\text{23}\text{.54 m}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{100}^{255}\text{Fm}$	$\text{2}0.\text{1 h}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{93}^{239}\text{Np}$	$\text{2}\text{.3 d}$	$\left({\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{101}^{256}\text{Md}$	$\text{76 m}$	$\left(\alpha \text{ or }E.C.\right)$
${}_{94}^{239}\text{Pu}$	$2.407 \times {10}^{4}\text{y}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$	${}_{102}^{254}\text{No}$	$\text{55 s}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{94}^{240}\text{Pu}$	$6.54 \times {10}^{3}\text{y}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$	${}_{103}^{257}\text{Lr}$	$0.\text{65 s}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$
${}_{94}^{241}\text{Pu}$	$\text{14}\text{.4 y}$	$\left(\alpha \text{ or }{\beta }^{-}\right)$	${}_{105}^{260}\text{Ha}$	$\text{1}.\text{5 s}$	$\left(\alpha \text{ or }S.F.\right)$
${}_{95}^{241}\text{Am}$	$\text{432}\text{.2 y}$	$\left(\alpha \right)$	${}_{106}^{263}\text{Sg}$	$0.\text{8 s}$	$\left(\alpha \text{ or }S.F.\right)$

y "= years, d = days, h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds" ↵
E.. "= electron capture, S.F. = Spontaneous fission" ↵
y "= years, d = days, h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds" ↵
E.. "= electron capture, S.F. = Spontaneous fission" ↵
y "= years, d = days, h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds" ↵
E.. "= electron capture, S.F. = Spontaneous fission" ↵
y "= years, d = days, h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds" ↵
E.. "= electron capture, S.F. = Spontaneous fission" ↵

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