Reading: Abundance of Elements in Earth's Crust

The table shows the abundance of elements in Earth's crust. Numbers show percentage or parts per million (ppm) in mass; 10,000 ppm = 1%. Note that numbers are estimates, and they will vary depending on source and method of estimation. Order of magnitude of data can roughly be relied upon.

Rank	Atomic Number	Element	Symbol	Lithosphere abundance	Relative proportion (ppm)	Abundance in crust (ppm)
1	8	oxygen	O	460,000	474,000	461,000
2	14	silicon[2]	Si	277,200	277,100	282,000
3	13	aluminium	Al	81,300	82,000	82,300
4	26	iron	Fe	50,000	41,000	56,300
5	20	calcium	Ca	36,300	41,000	41,500
6	11	sodium	Na	28,300	23,000	23,600
7	19	potassium	K	25,900	21,000	20,900
8	12	magnesium	Mg	20,900	23,000	23,300
9	22	titanium	Ti	4,400	5,600	5,600
10	1	hydrogen	H	1,400		1,400
11	15	phosphorus	P	1,200	1,000	1,050
12	25	manganese	Mn	1,000	950	950
13	9	fluorine	F	800	950	585
14	56	barium	Ba	500	340	425
15	6	carbon	C	300	480	200
16	38	strontium	Sr		370	370
17	16	sulfur	S	500	260	350
18	40	zirconium	Zr		190	165
19	74	tungsten	W		160.6	1.25
20	23	vanadium	V	100	160	120
21	17	chlorine	Cl	500	130	145
22	24	chromium	Cr	100	100	102
23	37	rubidium	Rb	300	90	90
24	28	nickel	Ni		80	84
25	30	zinc	Zn		75	70
26	29	copper	Cu	100	50	60
27	58	cerium	Ce		68	66.5
28	60	neodymium	Nd		38	41.5
29	57	lanthanum	La		32	39
30	39	yttrium	Y		30	33
31	7	nitrogen	N	50	25	19
32	27	cobalt	Co		20	25
33	3	lithium	Li		20	20
34	41	niobium	Nb		20	20
35	31	gallium	Ga		18	19
36	21	scandium	Sc		16	22
37	82	lead	Pb		14	14
38	62	samarium	Sm		7.9	7.05
39	90	thorium	Th		12	9.6
40	59	praseodymium	Pr		9.5	9.2
41	5	boron	B		950	10
42	64	gadolinium	Gd		7.7	6.2
43	66	dysprosium	Dy		6	5.2
44	72	hafnium	Hf		5.3	3.0
45	68	erbium	Er		3.8	3.5
46	70	ytterbium	Yb		3.3	3.2
47	55	caesium	Cs		3	3
48	4	beryllium	Be		2.6	2.8
49	50	tin	Sn	0	2.2	2.3
50	63	europium	Eu		2.1	2.0
51	92	uranium	U		0	2.7
52	73	tantalum	Ta		2	2.0
53	32	germanium	Ge		1.8	1.5
54	42	molybdenum	Mo		1.5	1.2
55	33	arsenic	As		1.5	1.8
56	67	holmium	Ho		1.4	1.3
57	65	terbium	Tb		1.1	1.2
58	69	thulium	Tm		0.48	0.52
59	35	bromine	Br		0.37	2.4
60	81	thallium	Tl		0.6	0.850
61	71	lutetium	Lu			0.5
62	51	antimony	Sb		0.2	0.2
63	53	iodine	I		0.14	0.450
64	48	cadmium	Cd		0.11	0.15
65	47	silver	Ag		0.070	0.075
66	80	mercury	Hg		0.05	0.085
67	34	selenium	Se		0.05	0.05
68	49	indium	In		0.049	0.250
69	83	bismuth	Bi		0.048	0.0085
70	52	tellurium	Te		0.005	0.001
71	78	platinum	Pt		0.003	0.005
72	79	gold	Au		0.0011	0.004
73	44	ruthenium	Ru		0.001	0.001
74	46	palladium	Pd		0.0006	0.015
75	75	rhenium	Re		0.0004	0.0007
76	77	iridium	Ir		0.0003	0.001
77	45	rhodium	Rh		0.0002	0.001
78	76	osmium	Os		0.0001	0.0015

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