| Book Edition | 5th Edition |
| Author(s) | Nevid |
| ISBN | 9781305964150 |
| Publisher | Cengage |
| Subject | Psychology |
Define the concept of motivation and describe several major theories of motivation.
(a) ________ is the set of factors or internal processes that activate, direct, and sustain behavior toward the satisfaction of a need or the attainment of a goal. Instinct theory proposes that behavior is motivated by (b) ________ programmed, species-specific, fixed patterns of responses called instincts. Though this model may have value in explaining some forms of animal behavior, human behavior is too (c) ________ to be explained by instincts. (d) ________ theory asserts that animals are driven to satisfy unmet biological needs, such as hunger and thirst. The theory is limited, in part because it fails to account for motives involving the desire to (e) ________ states of arousal. According to (f) ________ theory, the optimal level of arousal varies from person to person. To maintain arousal at an (g) ________ level, some people seek exciting, even potentially dangerous, activities, while others seek more tranquil ones. (h) ________ theory focuses on the "pull," or lure, of goals or objects that we perceive as attractive, whereas (i) ________ theory focuses on the "push" of unmet biological needs.
Define the concept of motivation and describe several major theories of motivation.
(a) ________ is the set of factors or internal processes that activate, direct, and sustain behavior toward the satisfaction of a need or the attainment of a goal. Instinct theory proposes that behavior is motivated by (b) ________ programmed, species-specific, fixed patterns of responses called instincts. Though this model may have value in explaining some forms of animal behavior, human behavior is too (c) ________ to be explained by instincts. (d) ________ theory asserts that animals are driven to satisfy unmet biological needs, such as hunger and thirst. The theory is limited, in part because it fails to account for motives involving the desire to (e) ________ states of arousal. According to (f) ________ theory, the optimal level of arousal varies from person to person. To maintain arousal at an (g) ________ level, some people seek exciting, even potentially dangerous, activities, while others seek more tranquil ones. (h) ________ theory focuses on the "pull," or lure, of goals or objects that we perceive as attractive, whereas (i) ________ theory focuses on the "push" of unmet biological needs.
Define the concept of motivation and describe several major theories of motivation.
(a) ________ is the set of factors or internal processes that activate, direct, and sustain behavior toward the satisfaction of a need or the attainment of a goal. Instinct theory proposes that behavior is motivated by (b) ________ programmed, species-specific, fixed patterns of responses called instincts. Though this model may have value in explaining some forms of animal behavior, human behavior is too (c) ________ to be explained by instincts. (d) ________ theory asserts that animals are driven to satisfy unmet biological needs, such as hunger and thirst. The theory is limited, in part because it fails to account for motives involving the desire to (e) ________ states of arousal. According to (f) ________ theory, the optimal level of arousal varies from person to person. To maintain arousal at an (g) ________ level, some people seek exciting, even potentially dangerous, activities, while others seek more tranquil ones. (h) ________ theory focuses on the "pull," or lure, of goals or objects that we perceive as attractive, whereas (i) ________ theory focuses on the "push" of unmet biological needs.
Define the concept of motivation and describe several major theories of motivation.
(a) ________ is the set of factors or internal processes that activate, direct, and sustain behavior toward the satisfaction of a need or the attainment of a goal. Instinct theory proposes that behavior is motivated by (b) ________ programmed, species-specific, fixed patterns of responses called instincts. Though this model may have value in explaining some forms of animal behavior, human behavior is too (c) ________ to be explained by instincts. (d) ________ theory asserts that animals are driven to satisfy unmet biological needs, such as hunger and thirst. The theory is limited, in part because it fails to account for motives involving the desire to (e) ________ states of arousal. According to (f) ________ theory, the optimal level of arousal varies from person to person. To maintain arousal at an (g) ________ level, some people seek exciting, even potentially dangerous, activities, while others seek more tranquil ones. (h) ________ theory focuses on the "pull," or lure, of goals or objects that we perceive as attractive, whereas (i) ________ theory focuses on the "push" of unmet biological needs.
Define the concept of motivation and describe several major theories of motivation.
(a) ________ is the set of factors or internal processes that activate, direct, and sustain behavior toward the satisfaction of a need or the attainment of a goal. Instinct theory proposes that behavior is motivated by (b) ________ programmed, species-specific, fixed patterns of responses called instincts. Though this model may have value in explaining some forms of animal behavior, human behavior is too (c) ________ to be explained by instincts. (d) ________ theory asserts that animals are driven to satisfy unmet biological needs, such as hunger and thirst. The theory is limited, in part because it fails to account for motives involving the desire to (e) ________ states of arousal. According to (f) ________ theory, the optimal level of arousal varies from person to person. To maintain arousal at an (g) ________ level, some people seek exciting, even potentially dangerous, activities, while others seek more tranquil ones. (h) ________ theory focuses on the "pull," or lure, of goals or objects that we perceive as attractive, whereas (i) ________ theory focuses on the "push" of unmet biological needs.
Define the concept of motivation and describe several major theories of motivation.
(a) ________ is the set of factors or internal processes that activate, direct, and sustain behavior toward the satisfaction of a need or the attainment of a goal. Instinct theory proposes that behavior is motivated by (b) ________ programmed, species-specific, fixed patterns of responses called instincts. Though this model may have value in explaining some forms of animal behavior, human behavior is too (c) ________ to be explained by instincts. (d) ________ theory asserts that animals are driven to satisfy unmet biological needs, such as hunger and thirst. The theory is limited, in part because it fails to account for motives involving the desire to (e) ________ states of arousal. According to (f) ________ theory, the optimal level of arousal varies from person to person. To maintain arousal at an (g) ________ level, some people seek exciting, even potentially dangerous, activities, while others seek more tranquil ones. (h) ________ theory focuses on the "pull," or lure, of goals or objects that we perceive as attractive, whereas (i) ________ theory focuses on the "push" of unmet biological needs.
Define the concept of motivation and describe several major theories of motivation.
(a) ________ is the set of factors or internal processes that activate, direct, and sustain behavior toward the satisfaction of a need or the attainment of a goal. Instinct theory proposes that behavior is motivated by (b) ________ programmed, species-specific, fixed patterns of responses called instincts. Though this model may have value in explaining some forms of animal behavior, human behavior is too (c) ________ to be explained by instincts. (d) ________ theory asserts that animals are driven to satisfy unmet biological needs, such as hunger and thirst. The theory is limited, in part because it fails to account for motives involving the desire to (e) ________ states of arousal. According to (f) ________ theory, the optimal level of arousal varies from person to person. To maintain arousal at an (g) ________ level, some people seek exciting, even potentially dangerous, activities, while others seek more tranquil ones. (h) ________ theory focuses on the "pull," or lure, of goals or objects that we perceive as attractive, whereas (i) ________ theory focuses on the "push" of unmet biological needs.
Define the concept of motivation and describe several major theories of motivation.
(a) ________ is the set of factors or internal processes that activate, direct, and sustain behavior toward the satisfaction of a need or the attainment of a goal. Instinct theory proposes that behavior is motivated by (b) ________ programmed, species-specific, fixed patterns of responses called instincts. Though this model may have value in explaining some forms of animal behavior, human behavior is too (c) ________ to be explained by instincts. (d) ________ theory asserts that animals are driven to satisfy unmet biological needs, such as hunger and thirst. The theory is limited, in part because it fails to account for motives involving the desire to (e) ________ states of arousal. According to (f) ________ theory, the optimal level of arousal varies from person to person. To maintain arousal at an (g) ________ level, some people seek exciting, even potentially dangerous, activities, while others seek more tranquil ones. (h) ________ theory focuses on the "pull," or lure, of goals or objects that we perceive as attractive, whereas (i) ________ theory focuses on the "push" of unmet biological needs.
Individual's inclination to achieve a particular position and object.
The mentioned term refers to an urge to conduct self in a way to satisfy certain desires, conditions, and goals. These urges guide and give direction to the individual's goals. The individual's instincts, drives, needs, and their arousal levels are significant factors that determine and support their conduct and activity.
The major components of the mentioned concept include persistence, activation, and the intensity of the need and action:
It includes both objective and subjective aspects of an individual such as,
Motivation
The predisposition of people to perform actions in order to ascertain their needs.
The mentioned term states that the needs and requirements are directed by the individual's innate biological factors. For example, humans settled near the banks of the river because of highly fertile soil that can produce crops. Such behavior takes place automatically and in a natural manner, for the individual or the organism to adapt and adjust to their environment.
The term refers to the inherited patterns of behavior of human beings. It states the tendency and predisposition of humans to respond to a particular stimuli in a set pattern. These actions are performed without any previous experience in the situation. For example, sucking is the reflex of children to fulfill their need of hunger.
Genetically
Pattern of activities that have root causes, emerging from not only one area but several areas.
The overt expression of an individual is determined not only by the innate and internal factors. The family surrounding the individual, that instills certain beliefs and values of the individual, also regulates the actions. The friends and the peers also influence and trigger certain needs of the individual.
This term is about the approach which states that all behavior has a biological tendency. The term essentially refers to the intricacies of a person's overt expressions. Although, the approach in the mentioned context could not define the intricacies of a human's overt expressions as,
Complex
Arousal experienced by an individual to bring the body to a balanced state.
According to this approach, the individual is encouraged to inhibit and relax their internal needs. These activities are guided by the individual's need to bring the physiological disequilibrium to rest. This directs the individual to choose the responses that effectively and efficiently helps the person to fulfill the needs.
This approach not only refers to a state of arousal but also the physiological elements that direct the individual's behavior, to bring the body back to a normal state of balance, which was earlier disrupted.
Drive
Inner stimulation of the individual to alter their feelings to attain more.
According to the mentioned concept, as the alertness level of the individual increases, so does the performance. The focus of the present approach was centered on the physiological needs of the individual.
The mentioned disadvantage is related to the inner stimulation received by the individual. It is not explained by the approach, which focuses only on the inherited and biological aspects of an individual's actions.
Increase
Inner requirements of the person that guides an individual's activities at optimal level.
This approach states that the individual is directed "to bring their body to a normal state. It also states that this condition can differ from one individual to another. While one person's physiological and psychological stimulation may be high, the individual's might be low.
It depends upon the physiological and psychological framework of the person.
For example
, Person N seeks stimulation when it comes to cleaning the house, while, person A, does not require any stimulation, she automatically engages in that activity.
Arousal
Individuals are induced to perform actions that enable them to maintain a maximum mental stimulation.
The present state varies in different individuals. According to the mentioned approach, the individual is required to keep a maximum amount of psychological stimulation in their body. It will enable the individual to direct the energy and thoughts to achieve a goal and satisfy the needs.
Adrenaline affects an individual's psychological stimulation at a maximal level by increasing the heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. It also maximizes blood glucose levels in the brain. This affects the individual's attention and senses are directed towards the conduct in that particular situation. The adrenaline levels in the body of an organism can be low in activities that do not require the maximum amount of stimulation.
Optimal
Actions that are driven by the internal state of balance of the person.
The primary goal of drive theory is to maintain homeostasis. It states that the energies present within the individual guides them to fulfill their requirements and reduce desires. It is done by selecting the correct form of response that enables the person to return to the normal state of balance.
For example, an individual with the intense need of quenching the thirst would experience imbalance in the body, in the form of headaches and dry mouth. Therefore, such individuals would direct their actions in a way that enables them to quench their thirst and return to a normal state.
The individual is unable to reach their maximum potential unless the basic physiological needs are met. This is because the body derives energy from these components and also enables the individual to perform actions to survive. These needs can also be termed as survival needs, as these actions are performed by the individuals to adjust and adapt to their environment.
Drive