1.     What is the reasoning given in Canon 68 of the Fourth...

1.     What is the reasoning given in Canon 68 of the Fourth 1.Lateran Council for requiring Jews to dress in a way that identifies themselves as Jewish? What does this and the Regulation in Avignon in 1243 tell us about Christian-Jewish relations at this time?

2.     Why did the people of Gloucester believe Jews had committed a ritual murder? What evidence connected Jews to the crime? What does this say about how much Christians understood about Judaism?

3.     It what ways did Pope Urban II persuade his audience to wage a crusade against the Seljuk Turks? Which part of Urban's speech do you think might have been the most persuasive? Why?

Christianity was a unifying feature of medieval society, but it also led to the antagonism of non-Christian groups, ranging from mistrust to animosity. Why do you think misconceptions of Jews and Muslims were so prevalent in medieval Christian society? Why might such views have been important to Christians? What about in our modern time?