purpose: methods and materials: results: recommendation:...

purpose:

methods and materials:

results:

recommendation:

Discussion:

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Hydrocarbons In this laboratory, we will be getting a feeling about the three-dimensional structure of the hydrocarbons and how they catenate (stick to each other). However, it is difficult to draw the models on paper, so we'll try to represent it in two dimensions. Each carbon can form a total of 4 bonds. Very often, each bond is with a different atom, but sometimes, carbon can form two bonds with another atom. This is called a double bond and the only way you can physically represent these bonds with the ball and stick models is by using a spring or something flexible. Remember that hydrogen can do only one bond, since it can have only two electrons in its outer shell. It already has one, so it just needs to share one more electron to be fulfilled. What you will need: 1. Spice drops in different colors. Gum drops can be too heavy. Check with me if you have a question. Some people use marshmallows that they color with pens. That is a lot of work. 2. Support, if needed. (You may need to support your structures with whatever you have handy) I will be looking for your understanding of the 3-D character of your models. If they_ all lie flat on the table, _you have done something wrang—lflbeyuleelslike insects

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and have "feet," something has gone wrong. Be sure to watch the videos, both of which show you the way to make these models. take 10 points off for each structure that looks flat or does not have the carbon bonds going in four directions. For your report, Put your model on a white paper (paper towel or white notebook paper) Write the formula on the white paper in front of your model Take photos of each structure and put them in the lab report. Be sure to have one photo with YOU in it with your model or models. Write up_your report in the usual format. THE LAB (Be sure to follow the usual lab Materials, Results, Discussion and Recommendations) The structures will be VW Methane Methane is the simplest of the hydrocarbons. It consists of one carbon atom surrounded by four hydrogen atoms. Construct two of these molecules and draw the stick representation on paper. m link should show you what these things should look like. Also, your chapter and mu Inh'l'l Imfil ID

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and my lecture snows you various structures. Write the formula (CH4) Use on a piece of white paper. Decide which colors will be hydrogen and which will be carbon. Just be consistent. Photo and explanation Ethane Take one hydrogen off each methane molecule. What you have left (leave the stick in) is called a methyl radical. Now, take out one of the sticks and join those two molecules together. This is a new molecule - ethane - and is the first example of catenation - carbon bonding to itself. Draw the molecule and show the formula by groups connected to each carbon. Photo and explanation Propane If you have bottled gas, this will be very relevant. Take off one hydrogen from a carbon from the ethane molecule. This is now called the ethyl radical. Prepare another methyl radical and attach it to the ethyl radical 2 - dimensional representation formula Photo and explanation

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Butane Do the same thing as you did with the prior two.. ' Add on another CH3 group to your propane to produce butane. 2- dimensional structure and formula. Photo and explanation lsomer of Butane: Now, take off the end CH3 group and take off a hydrogen from the remaining propyl radical. Exchange the CH3 with the missing hydrogen and put that hydrogen on the end. Now, you will not have added anything, but have just rearranged the atoms. These two forms of butane are called isomers and have different properties (boiling point, refractive index and other measurements) and different names. 2-methyl propane Figure this one out yourself. 2-dimensional structure and formula. Photo and explanation

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Pentane For the last models, make up the three , different isomers of C5H12 and try to explain why their physical properties are different. You will have to look up the isomers and their properties. How are the isomers different from straight pentane? Photos and explanations The value for the sections this week will be Purpose 10 Methods and Materials 10 Results 50 ( 5 points for each correct structure, done in 3D. There will be points deducted if the structure is flat or if the bonds for the carbon are not equally spaced, as mentioned above.) Discussion 20 Recommendations 10

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