19.    (04.07 MC) Which factor typically has the most influence...

19. 

  (04.07 MC)

Which factor typically has the most influence over who voters elect? (4 points)

Party loyalty

Current events

Party in power

Persuasive journalism

20. 

  (04.07 MC)

According to established political models that explain voting behavior, which of the following best compares the motivations of rational-choice voters and party-line voters? (4 points)

Rational-Choice Voters, Party-Line Voters

(A)Political party alignmentBehavior, personality, past actions

(B)Behavior, personality, past actionsExpectation of future party behavior

(C)Key expectations regarding voters' concerns and voters' benefitsPolitical party alignment

(D)Expectation of future party behaviorKey expectations regarding voters' concerns and voters' benefits

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

21. 

  (04.08 MC)

During the 2000 presidential election, Al Gore received 50,999,897 votes, George W. Bush received 50,456,002 votes, and Ralph Nader received 2,882,955 votes.

Why did Bush win the election? (4 points)

Bush won the popular vote in more states than Gore.

Bush won a majority of votes in the Electoral College.

Nader won enough votes in the Electoral College to tip the election to Bush.

Gore was popular with the voters but not with the party elites in the Electoral College.

22. 

  (04.09 MC)

Which of the following best characterizes trends in campaign financing? (4 points)

Political action committees (PACs) contribute an insignificant amount of money to Senate candidates.

Recent legislation has significantly lowered the cost of running for national office.

The federal government pays campaign costs for major-party presidential candidates.

House candidates rely on soft-money contributions because PACs contribute to the presidency.

23. 

  (04.09 MC)

Further rules on campaign finance were scrutinized by the Court when it determined McConnell v. Federal Election Commission, .... The case centered on the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, a federal law that imposed new restrictions on campaign financing. The Supreme Court upheld provisions which barred the raising of soft money by national parties and the use of soft money by private organizations to fund certain advertisements related to elections. However, the Court struck down the "choice of expenditure" rule, which required that parties could either make coordinated expenditures for all its candidates, or permit candidates to spend independently, but not both, which they agreed "placed an unconstitutional burden on the parties' right to make unlimited independent expenditures."

—From Intellectual Property and the Internet, "First Amendment to the United States Constitution," 2014

Which aspect of the election process is being discussed in the passage? (4 points)

The continued need for the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of laws

The ongoing debate over the role of money in political speech

The expansion of rights being given to minors

The rights of political organizations being infringed upon by individuals

24. 

  (04.09 MC)

State Senator Stephanie Demarco is running for governor of the state of Delaware, and a Super PAC is formed to support her election. The Super PAC raises $6 million from corporate donors whose identities are disclosed to the Federal Election Commission. The Super PAC uses the funds to create television, electronic, and print advertisements supporting Demarco and attacking the other candidates. Super PACs are formed to support Demarco's opponents, also funded by corporate donors, and engage in similar campaign tactics.

Opponents of Super PACs' roles in campaign fundraising would point to which action in the scenario as evidence of concerns regarding corporate influence upon candidates? (4 points)

The embracing of independent expenditure committees by candidates as a means to accept large amounts of funding

The increase in funding for negative attack ads by independent expenditure committees

The use of electronic forms of communication by candidates, making it difficult for voters to determine the origin of political advertisements

The creation of television ads aired during time slots unaffordable without donations from independent expenditure committees