QUESTION 11 A patient arrives in the ED via EMS having a grand mal...

QUESTION 11 A patient arrives in the ED via EMS having a grand mal seizure. The ED physician instructs the RN to give 10 milligrams of Diazepam IV X1 dose STAT. The patient's seizure breaks within 2 minutes of the Diazepam being administered. The mechanism by which this medication causes rapid resolution of seizure activity is via which receptor type (effector pathway/receptor subtype)?

               A.           Slow effector pathways/G-protein coupled receptor

               B.           Slow effector pathway/ion channel

               C.           Rapid effector pathways/G-protein coupled receptor

               D.           Rapid effector pathway/ion channel

QUESTION 12 When dopamine (subtype 2) receptors are blocked in this pathway (system), it is evident by EPS.

               A.           Mesocortical

               B.           Tuberoinfundibular

               C.           Nigrostriatal

               D.           Mesolimbic

QUESTION 13 Introducing adherence in facilitating treatment goals is something that would be necessary in a patient who has previously displayed nonadherence patterns.

               A.           True

               B.           False

QUESTION 14 Of the components of patient-focused interventions to enhance adherence, which component includes the following strategies: adaptive thinking, use of cues, and support?

               A.           Motivation

               B.           Skills

               C.           Logistics

               D.           Education

QUESTION 15 Upon blocking a Serotonin reuptake pump, what happens in the synaptic cleft and on the post synaptic cell membrane?

               A.           The result will be an increase in available Serotonin in the synaptic cleft causing the post synaptic cell to increase the number of Serotonin receptors.

               B.           The result will be an increase in the available Serotonin in the synaptic cleft causing the post synaptic neuron to reduce the number of Serotonin receptors.

               C.           The result will be an increase in Serotonin in the synaptic cleft resulting in an increase in reuptake pumps on the presynaptic neuron.

               D.           The result will be an increase in Serotonin in the synaptic cleft resulting in a decrease in reuptake pumps on the pre-synaptic neuron.

QUESTION 16 Which neurotransmitter is considered the major excitatory neurotransmitter?

               A.           Glycine

               B.           GABA

               C.           Glutamate

               D.           Serotonin

QUESTION 17  Neurons are classified in several different ways. From the following statements, select which ones are true.

I.                    The two structural classifications are projection neurons and local inter-neurons.

II.                  Function classifications are made up of two subcategories: excitatory and inhibitory.

III.                Histological classification includes bipolar, unipolar, and multipolar.

IV.               Classifications using a combination of structural, functional, and neurotransmitter type provide the most robust and useful description.

       V.         Classification by neurotransmitter type alone provides the most useful description.

               A.           I only

               B.           III only

               C.           I, II, and V only

               D.           I, II, III, IV, and V

               E.           I, III, and IV

QUESTION 18 G-protein coupled receptors are targets for several psychiatric medications. Given what we know about these receptors, what is the ultimate result we will see when one of them is activated in a way that would potentiate an action?

               A.           Intracellular activation of second messengers

               B.           Protein phosphorylation

               C.           Modification of gene expression

QUESTION 19 Serotonin (5HT) is a neurotransmitter associated with mood, sleep, and psychosis. There are several serotonin receptors all over the human body. A unique aspect of the second generation antipsychotics is their ability to block 5HT2a receptors. What is the effect of this inhibition?

               A.           Stabilizes dopamine concentrations in the CNS

               B.           Induces anxiety

               C.           Causes hallucinations

               D.           Reduces platelet function

QUESTION 20 Receptors trigger one of two effector pathways resulting in changes in neuronal activity. These changes will, ultimately, effect gene expression. Which effector pathway is characterized by ion flux through transmitter-activated channels resulting in an altered membrane potential and neuronal activity?

               A.           Slow effector pathways

               B.           Modulated effector pathways

               C.           Rapid effector pathways

               D.           NMDA glutamate receptor pathways