1, The naturalistic conception of the subject-object relation holds...

1, The naturalistic conception of the subject-object relation holds that: 

a) Subjects exist independently from objects. 

b) The world contains an ultimate reality that can be characterized and analyzed independently of the conditions of cognition (i.e., 

independently of the features of the subject that allows her to "grasp" or "known" the objects of reality). 

c) Subjects come into contact with a real, objective mind-independent reality and then represent that reality (whether by way of the 

senses or by way of pure reason). 

d) We (as subjects) represent real things (objects) because real things affect us and because we have an inherent (or basic) capacity 

to represent them. 

e) All of the above are correct of the naturalistic conception of the subject object relation 

2, Question: What is the concept of "a thing-in-itself"? Answer: On the realist picture, existent things standing alone 

—independent of subjects and their conditions of representation—are "things-in-themselves." The concept of 

"an object in general" is the concept of a "thing-in-itself"—a thing as such, independent of its possible status as 

a thing representable by our cognition. The thing, so conceived, is not considered in a relation to us—but rather 

by itself (or "in" itself). 

a) The answer is correct. 

b) The answer is false. 

3, An "Empiricist" believes that knowledge comes from the senses or from sense-experience. 

a) True 

b) False 

c) Unknown 

4, Justification has to do with the evidence that one has for holding a belief as true. 

a) True 

b) False 

c) Unknown 

5, Kant's Copernican Revolution amounts to the following: The class of "knowable" objects of cognition are not 

"things-in-themselves," but rather subject-constituted objects that depend upon our mode of cognition and the 

conditions in terms of which we cognize (--particularly the intuitions of space/time and the categories of the 

understanding--). In this way, the subject-constituted objects are "for-us" in that they are possible objects for 

human cognizers. They have no "being" or "constitution" independent of the structure that our minds and 

cognitive faculties bring to them. 

a) True 

b) False 

6, The naturalistic story holds three "natural" belief: (1) There is a real world. (2) Reality is knowable. (3) Reality is 

what gives us experiences and is what makes thought possible for us. 

a) True 

b) False 

c) Unknown 

7, In his Meno, Plato defines knowledge as: Justified true belief. 

a) True 

b) False 

c) Unknown 

8, According to a critique of the naturalistic story that Plato tells us: Plato has not really explained in any satisfying 

way how the "pure intellect" "grasps" the realm of the Forms (i.e., reality). Thus, he has not explained how 

knowledge of the forms is really possible. He just assumes that it is possible. 

a) True 

b) False 

9, Kant finds both Empiricism and Rationalism committed to the same basic error, namely they both presuppose 

that a mind-independent reality exists and that subjects come to represent that reality as objects. The details of 

each story differ, but they both hold the same basic metaphysical picture. 

a) True 

b) False 

10, A "Rationalist" believes that the senses are unreliable and a rational faculty is better suited to apprehend reality. 

a) True 

b) False 

c) Unknown