1.Which of the following is  NOT  a consequence of strong...

1.Which of the following is NOT a consequence of strong attitudes?

Strong attitudes are extreme.

Strong attitudes are predictive of behavior.

Strong attitudes are stable over time.

Strong attitudes are susceptible to change.

 

2.When people join groups (like a sorority or fraternity), they may sometimes have to go through an initiation procedure. Some initiations are very mild while others are quite severe. According to research on cognitive dissonance theory, who would be most likely to appreciate being a member of the group?

Everyone would be equally appreciative of their group membership.

The person who didn't have to undergo any initiation at all.

The person who went through mild initiation.

The person who went through severe initiation.

 

3.When we act in ways that are contrary to our attitudes, we often experience cognitive dissonance. However, we do not always experience dissonance. According to your textbook, which of the following is required to experience cognitive dissonance?

The behavior was forced.

The behavior was not sufficiently justified.

The behavior had positive consequences.

The behavior's positive consequences were foreseeable.

 

4When someone both likes and dislikes something at the same time, they are experiencing:

Ambivalence

Extremity

Mildness

Univalence

 

5Under the right circumstances, researchers can use attitudes to predict behavior.

True

False

 

6 The Implicit Association Test (IAT) can detect implicit attitudes by measuring:

How comfortable or uncomfortable people report feeling about some social group or social category

The activation of positive and negative categories and their influence on the interpretation of incoming stimuli

The speed at which participants associate stimuli with positive or negative words

The time it takes participants to complete the all sections of the test

 

7 Which of the following accurately summarizes the specificity principle?

Researchers should always measure the attitude as specifically as possible.

Researchers should measure the attitude at the same level of detail as they measure the behavior.

Researchers should use explicit measures of attitudes to predict spontaneous behavior.

All of the above accurately summarize the specificity principle.

 

8 According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, which of the following are useful in predicting behavior?

One's intentions to engage in the behavior

One's perceived ability to control the behavior

One's specific attitude towards the behavior

The cultural norms about the behavior

All of the above

 

9 Imagine that you are a social psychologist who wants to predict whether Leslie Knope intends to run for public office. According to the theory of planned behavior, which of the following is the LEAST helpful in predicting whether she intends to run for office?

Whether Leslie believes she can submit the appropriate paperwork to get her name on the ballot in time.

Whether Leslie has a positive attitude towards running for political office.

Whether Leslie perceives that people will support her campaign.

Whether Leslie wants to make her mother proud.

 

10 If listening to a persuasive message results in attitude change, whose attitude change would be expected to last longer (meaning that it is less likely to change in the future)?

The person who followed the central route

The person who followed the peripheral route

 

11 All else being equal, people who are high in need for cognition (a personality trait which summarizes people's tendency to think carefully) are more likely to be persuaded by ___, while those low in need for cognition are more likely to be persuaded by ___.

Arguments; cues

Cues; arguments

Explicit persuasion; subliminal persuasion

Source attractiveness; source expertise

 

12 Which of the following themes of social psychology is MOST CLOSELY related to the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)?

Accessibility

Depth vs. superficiality of processing

Fundamental need to belong

Need to feel good about oneself

 

13 In the classic peg-turning study on cognitive dissonance, which condition showed dissonance reduction through attitude change?

Those paid $0

Those paid $1

Those paid $20

All of the above

 

14 People are generally persuaded by peripheral cues when...

One is low on the elaboration continuum

One is high on the elaboration continuum

One is in the middle of the elaboration continuum

None of the above; people are not normally persuaded by peripheral cues.

 

15 Which of the following people are most likely to use the central route of processing?

Chris, who just finished working a 28 hour shift.

Jenn, whose children are currently saying, "Mommy! Mommy! Mommy!"

Rosalie, who is a 5 month old baby.

Theodore, who is very interested in what's on the computer screen.

 

16 According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, what persuades those high in need for cognition generally differs from that which persuades those low in need for cognition all else being equal. This idea relates most to which of the following 9 themes of social psychology?

Conservatism

Need to feel good about oneself

Person by situation interaction

We construe our realities

 

17 The distinction between implicit and explicit attitudes is most similar to which of the following distinctions we've covered so far?

Automatic and controlled processing

Reliability and validity

Self-enhancement and self-improvement

Self-fulfilling prophecy and confirmation bias

 

18 Your textbook discusses an experiment by Petty, Cacioppo, & Goldman (1981). In this study, the researchers randomly assigned participants to read a persuasive message in favor of senior comprehensive exams. These persuasive messages contained either strong or weak arguments, which came from either an expert source or non-expert source. Additionally, they manipulated the personal relevance of these messages by saying that the exam policy would be implemented next year or ten years from now. Which of the following is true of the results of this study?

Both strong arguments and messages from expert sources were more persuasive than weak arguments and messages from nonexpert sources regardless of personal relevance of the topic.

Messages containing strong arguments were associated with more positive attitudes and weak arguments with more negative attitudes when the topic was personally relevant compared to when it was not personally relevant.

Messages from expert sources were associated with more positive attitudes and nonexpert sources with more negative attitudes when the topic was low in personal relevance.

Both B & C are correct.

All of the above are correct.

 

19 Which of the following terms refers to having thoughts about our thoughts?

Attitude strength

Metacognition

Secondary cognition

Self-validation hypothesis

 

20 The different motions we make with our body (such as nodding or shaking our heads) have the potential to influence our attitudes.

True

False