Options for #1 - "male" , "female" Options for #2 - "male" ,...

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1. Gender testing in sports In the early 19505, rumors began circulating that men were secretly posing as women in international sporting events. Soon after, gender verification by both physical examination and genetic testing became routine for many sports, from track and field, to equestrianism, to curling. After decades of controversy, the practice was discontinued by the International Olympic Committee in 1999, which cited (among other reasons) that gender testing is too difficult and not clear cut. Imagine that you dig up the following two medical charts from the archives of the 1988 Summer Olympic Games in Seoul. Answer the following questions regarding Athletes A and B.

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Medical Examination of Athlete A Karyotype 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 X Physical examination Subject has fully formed external genitalia Subject has never menstruated(can occur in intensely training athletes) Subject is shorter than average Recommend to compete as :

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National Human Genome Research Institute Athlete A's karyotype reveals a genetic anomaly caused by V event that occurred in the sex cells of Athlete A's mother or father. One word is too smudged to read. Based on Athlete A's kary'otypeJr determine what the physical examination showed' and complete the missing blank in the form.

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Medical Examination of Athlete B Karyotype 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 X Y Physical examination Subject has reduced but clearly male external genitalia Subject has enlarged breasts and lacks body hair Subject is taller than average and has long legs Recommend to compete as: Male

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National Human Genome Research Institute Athlete B's karyotype reveals that he has a genetic abnormality that has led to V If, instead of a karyotype, a Barr body test had been used to determine the gender of this athlete, what gender would the results have shown Athlete B to be? 0 Abnormal male 0 Normal male 0 Normal female 0 Abnormal female

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Options for #1 - "male" , "female"

Options for #2 - "male" , female"

Options for #3 - "a translocation" , "a deletion" , "a nondisjunction" , "an inversion" , "a duplication"

Options for #4 - "monosomy" , "trisomy" , "disomy" , "polyploidy" , "monoploidy" , "triploidy"

Last attempt, please select answers carefully. Thanks!